Oliveira Marta, Lima Caroline Sprengel, Llorent-Martínez Eulogio J, Hoste Hervé, Custódio Luísa
Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
Laboratory of Antibiotics and Chemotherapeutics, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Jun 23;13:934644. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.934644. eCollection 2022.
The use of plants and their metabolites stands as a promising option to tackle parasitic infections by gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in integrated control strategies. Still, the influence of environmental and phenological factors, and their interactions, in the wild on the metabolomics and biological properties of target plant species, is often disregarded. In this work, we hypothesized that variations in the anthelmintic (AH) properties and chemical composition of extracts from the salt tolerant species L. Pohl (sawgrass) may be influenced by seasonal factors and organ-parts. To test this hypothesis, acetone/water extracts were prepared from dried biomass obtained from aerial organs collected from sawgrass in consecutive seasons and tested against and by the larval exsheathment inhibition assay (LEIA) and egg hatching inhibition assay (EHIA). To ascertain the role of plant organ, the activity of leaves and inflorescences extracts from summer samples was compared. The role of polyphenols in the anthelmintic activity depending on GINs and fluctuations across seasons and plant organs was assessed using polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP), coupled with an in-depth chemical profiling analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography completed with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-ESI-MSn). Main differences in anthelmintic activities were observed for summer and autumn samples, for both assays. Moreover, inflorescences' extracts were significantly more active than those from leaves against both parasite species on EHIA and against on LEIA. Application of PVPP totally inhibit the AH effects based on EHIA and only partly for LEIA. Non-treated PVPP extracts were predominantly composed of flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins, luteolin and glycosylated flavonoids, while two flavonoid glycosides were quantified in all PVPP-treated samples. Thus, the activity of such compounds should be further explored, although some unknown metabolites remain to be identified. This study reinforces the hypothesis of the AH potential of sawgrass and of its polyphenolic metabolites uses as nutraceutical and/or phytotherapeutic drugs.
在综合防治策略中，利用植物及其代谢产物是应对胃肠道线虫（GIN）寄生虫感染的一个有前景的选择。然而，野外环境和物候因素及其相互作用对目标植物物种代谢组学和生物学特性的影响常常被忽视。在这项研究中，我们假设耐盐物种L. Pohl（锯齿草）提取物的驱虫（AH）特性和化学成分的变化可能受季节因素和器官部位的影响。为了验证这一假设，我们从连续几个季节采集的锯齿草地上器官的干燥生物质中制备丙酮/水提取物，并通过幼虫脱鞘抑制试验（LEIA）和虫卵孵化抑制试验（EHIA）对其进行测试。为了确定植物器官的作用，比较了夏季样品中叶片和花序提取物的活性。使用聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮（PVPP）评估了多酚在驱虫活性中的作用，该作用取决于GINs以及季节和植物器官的波动，并结合使用高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离质谱检测（HPLC-ESI-MSn）进行深入的化学图谱分析。在这两种试验中，夏季和秋季样品的驱虫活性均存在主要差异。此外，在EHIA试验中，花序提取物对两种寄生虫物种的活性均显著高于叶片提取物，在LEIA试验中对[未提及的寄生虫物种]的活性也显著高于叶片提取物。PVPP的应用完全抑制了基于EHIA的AH效应，而对LEIA仅部分抑制。未处理PVPP的提取物主要由黄烷-3-醇、原花青素、木犀草素和糖基化黄酮类化合物组成，而在所有PVPP处理的样品中均定量了两种黄酮苷。因此，尽管仍有一些未知代谢物有待鉴定，但此类化合物的活性仍应进一步探索。本研究强化了锯齿草及其多酚代谢产物作为营养保健品和/或植物治疗药物的AH潜力的假设。
