Department of Human Performance and Health, The University of South Carolina Upstate, Spartanburg, SC, USA.
International Vitamin Corporation, Greenville, SC, USA.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2022 Jul 4;19(1):316-335. doi: 10.1080/15502783.2022.2086016. eCollection 2022.
CrossFit® is a popular high-intensity functional training program. CrossFit® participants may practice popular diets or consume dietary and sports supplements to support their health or physical pursuits, but the specific dietary and supplement practices of CrossFit® participants remain unknown.
An electronic questionnaire was developed to collect data on practice of popular diets (i.e. Paleo and The Zone Diet®), dietary and sports supplement use, reasons for practicing a diet or using supplements, sources of information on diets and supplements, and various beliefs associated with nutrition among CrossFit® participants.
Of the 2,576 complete responses (female 51.9%, male 48.1%, age 39.4 ± 11.1 years, body mass index 26.1 ± 3.9 kg/m), 695 (27%) reported being a CrossFit® trainer or coach and 1,392 (54%) reported competing, or planning to compete, in CrossFit® or other fitness competitions. The average years of CrossFit® experience were 5.3 ± 3.1 years, and the average frequency of CrossFit® participation was 4.5 ± 1.1 days/week. Most participants (60.1%) reported practicing a particular diet. Macro Counting (18.6%), Intermittent Fasting (7.7%), and Paleo (6.1%) were the most frequently reported diets. The top reasons for practicing a diet were to improve overall health (45.6%), decrease body fat (29.2%), and improve CrossFit® performance (25.2%). The top sources of dietary information were the Internet (47.5%), coach/trainer (28.7%), and nutritionist/dietitian (26.2%). Most participants (67.3%) reported "Urine Color" as the best method to assess hydration. Additionally, most participants (82.2%) consumed at least one supplement, with protein (51.2%), creatine (22.9%), and pre-workout/energy (20.7%) being most popular. The top reasons for consuming supplements were to improve recovery (52.6%), improve overall health (51.4%), and increase muscle mass/strength (41.7%). The top sources of information on supplements were the Internet (53.1%), coach/trainer (27.0%), and peer-reviewed research (23.0%).
A large proportion of CrossFit® participants may practice popular diets or consume supplements with the intention of improving health or performance. These findings may support future research on the effects of various dietary patterns and supplements on CrossFit® performance.
CrossFit® 是一种流行的高强度功能性训练计划。CrossFit® 参与者可能会练习流行的饮食法或食用饮食和运动补剂来支持他们的健康或身体追求，但 CrossFit® 参与者的具体饮食和补剂实践仍不清楚。
开发了一份电子问卷，以收集有关流行饮食法（即原始人饮食法和区域饮食法）的实践、饮食和运动补剂的使用、练习饮食法或使用补剂的原因、饮食法和补剂信息来源，以及 CrossFit® 参与者相关的各种营养信念的数据。
在 2576 份完整回复中（女性占 51.9%，男性占 48.1%，年龄 39.4±11.1 岁，体重指数 26.1±3.9kg/m²），695 人（27%）报告自己是 CrossFit®教练或培训师，1392 人（54%）报告参加过 CrossFit®或其他健身比赛，或计划参加此类比赛。CrossFit®的平均经验年限为 5.3±3.1 年，平均每周参加 CrossFit®的天数为 4.5±1.1 天。大多数参与者（60.1%）报告练习特定的饮食法。宏观计算法（18.6%）、间歇性禁食（7.7%）和原始人饮食法（6.1%）是最常报告的饮食法。练习饮食法的首要原因是改善整体健康（45.6%）、减少体脂（29.2%）和提高 CrossFit®表现（25.2%）。饮食信息的首要来源是互联网（47.5%）、教练/培训师（28.7%）和营养师/饮食学家（26.2%）。大多数参与者（67.3%）表示“尿液颜色”是评估水合作用的最佳方法。此外，大多数参与者（82.2%）至少食用一种补剂，其中蛋白质（51.2%）、肌酸（22.9%）和锻炼前/能量补剂（20.7%）最受欢迎。食用补剂的首要原因是改善恢复（52.6%）、改善整体健康（51.4%）和增加肌肉质量/力量（41.7%）。补剂信息的首要来源是互联网（53.1%）、教练/培训师（27.0%）和同行评议研究（23.0%）。
很大一部分 CrossFit® 参与者可能会练习流行的饮食法或食用补剂，目的是改善健康或表现。这些发现可能支持未来对各种饮食模式和补剂对 CrossFit®表现影响的研究。
