Hong Yu, Zhang Yixin, Xue Panqi, Fang Xinglin, Zhou Lifang, Wei Fang, Lou Xiaoming, Zou Hua
Department of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
Occupational Health and Radiation Protection Institute, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.
Front Psychol. 2022 Jun 23;13:928928. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.928928. eCollection 2022.
This study aimed to examine the association between long working hours, occupational stress, depression, and well-being, and to explore the intermediary effect of occupational stress and well-being between working hours and depression among couriers in Zhejiang, China.
The study used a cluster random sampling method to select 1,200 couriers from mainstream express companies in Zhejiang, China. The data were collected and analyzed using the Core Occupational Stress Scale (COSS) to measure occupational stress, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale to evaluate depression, and the World Health Organization five-item Well-Being Index (WHO-5) scale to assess well-being. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypothesized relationship among the variables.
The phenomenon of long working hours (75.1%) was quite common among couriers in Zhejiang, China. Working hours had a direct positive effect on depression ( = 0.008, < 0.001) and on occupational stress ( = 0.009, < 0.001), and working hours had a negative effect on well-being ( = -0.013, < 0.001). Occupational stress had a direct positive effect on depression ( = 0.272, < 0.001), but well-being had no significant direct effect on depression. Working hours had an indirect effect on depression through the mediating effect of occupational stress while the mediating effect of well-being was not found.
Long working hours is associated with occupational stress, well-being, and depression. Our results confirmed that working hours, occupational stress, and well-being were strong predicators of depression. Working hours had a significant indirect effect on depression occupational stress. The result of this study showed that decreasing working hours and reducing occupational stress would be effective for couriers to prevent depression. However, more studies are needed to verify the relationship between working hours and depression.
本研究旨在探讨长时间工作、职业压力、抑郁与幸福感之间的关联，并探究职业压力和幸福感在中国浙江快递员工作时长与抑郁之间的中介作用。
本研究采用整群随机抽样方法，从中国浙江的主流快递公司中选取1200名快递员。使用核心职业压力量表（COSS）测量职业压力，患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）量表评估抑郁，世界卫生组织五项幸福感指数（WHO-5）量表评估幸福感，并收集和分析数据。采用结构方程模型（SEM）检验变量之间的假设关系。
在中国浙江的快递员中，长时间工作现象（75.1%）相当普遍。工作时长对抑郁有直接正向影响（β = 0.008，p < 0.001），对职业压力也有直接正向影响（β = 0.009，p < 0.001），而工作时长对幸福感有负向影响（β = -0.013，p < 0.001）。职业压力对抑郁有直接正向影响（β = 0.272，p < 0.001），但幸福感对抑郁无显著直接影响。工作时长通过职业压力的中介作用对抑郁有间接影响，而未发现幸福感的中介作用。
长时间工作与职业压力、幸福感和抑郁有关。我们的结果证实，工作时长、职业压力和幸福感是抑郁的有力预测因素。工作时长通过职业压力对抑郁有显著间接影响。本研究结果表明，减少工作时长和降低职业压力对快递员预防抑郁有效。然而，需要更多研究来验证工作时长与抑郁之间的关系。
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