Dashtbanei Shadi, Keshtmand Zahra
Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2023 Apr;15(2):226-238. doi: 10.1007/s12602-022-09946-0. Epub 2022 Jul 12.
Cadmium (Cd) produces severe oxidative stress, which can result in serious clinical consequences and tissue injury. The aim of the present survey was to investigate the protective effects of native Iranian probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, L. helveticus, and L. casei) against cadmium (Cd)-induced toxicity against the small intestine and lung at histopathological and biochemical levels.
Twenty-one adult male Wistar rats were randomized into three groups of seven rats (control, Cd-treated (3 mg/kg), and concomitant Cd and mix probiotic treatment for 30 days). Histological alterations were appraised via hematoxylin & eosin, Trichrome Masson, and PAS staining. The qRT-PCR technique was applied to assess the expression of pro-apoptotic, anti-apoptotic, and pro-inflammatory genes. Antioxidant enzymes activity was measured via ZellBio kits.
Probiotic-treated rats displayed low production of lipid peroxides, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and elevated contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes compared with Cd-treated rats. The results of qRT-PCR demonstrated the up-regulation of Bax, p53, and caspase 3 and down-regulation of Bcl2, TNF-α, and IL-6 genes in both the intestine and lungs of mix probiotic-treated rats compared with Cd-treated animals. Histopathological findings revealed that the probiotic formulation improved Cd-triggered tissue damage in the intestine and lungs.
The strong cytoprotective benefits of Iranian probiotics against Cd-induced tissue injury observed in this study may be due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Therefore, additional clinical and experimental research is required to explain the precise mechanisms of probiotics' beneficial impacts and underline their potential therapeutic use.
镉（Cd）会产生严重的氧化应激，这可能导致严重的临床后果和组织损伤。本研究的目的是在组织病理学和生化水平上研究伊朗本土益生菌（鼠李糖乳杆菌、瑞士乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌）对镉（Cd）诱导的小肠和肺毒性的保护作用。
将21只成年雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为三组，每组7只（对照组、Cd处理组（3mg/kg）以及Cd与混合益生菌联合处理组，处理30天）。通过苏木精-伊红染色、三色马森染色和PAS染色评估组织学改变。应用qRT-PCR技术评估促凋亡、抗凋亡和促炎基因的表达。通过ZellBio试剂盒测量抗氧化酶活性。
与Cd处理组大鼠相比，益生菌处理组大鼠的脂质过氧化物生成量较低，丙二醛（MDA）水平降低，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）含量升高。qRT-PCR结果表明，与Cd处理组动物相比，混合益生菌处理组大鼠的小肠和肺中Bax、p53和caspase 3基因上调，Bcl2、TNF-α和IL-6基因下调。组织病理学结果显示，益生菌制剂改善了Cd引发的小肠和肺组织损伤。
本研究中观察到伊朗益生菌对Cd诱导的组织损伤具有强大的细胞保护作用，这可能归因于它们的抗炎和抗氧化特性。因此，需要进一步的临床和实验研究来解释益生菌有益影响的精确机制，并强调它们潜在的治疗用途。
