Dodds Hannah, Hunter David J
Staff Nurse, Nursing & Health Care School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Lecturer, Nursing & Health Care School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
J Res Nurs. 2022 Jun;27(4):357-371. doi: 10.1177/17449871221085863. Epub 2022 Jul 8.
There are an estimated 25.9 million refugees worldwide, who require health services while living in host countries. To effectively treat refugee patients, nurses must document their history which requires hearing about their traumatic journeys. Listening to trauma has been shown to cause vicarious traumatisation.
To identify the risk and protective factors involved in the development of vicarious traumatisation.
After searching four databases, nine studies were selected for review. Key words 'vicarious trauma', 'refugee' and 'nurse' formed the search. Articles were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.
Vicarious traumatisation is common amongst nurses working with refugees. Aspects of culture formed the principal risk and protective factors. Differences between cultures made for strained communication while similarities created better understanding. Some cultures provided more resilience than others. Vicarious resilience, a feeling of personal growth resulting from hearing about and helping patients overcome trauma, was also highlighted. The development of vicarious resilience was a protective factor.
Further investigation into how to minimise risk and establish protective factors is required. Some coping recommendations include personal reflection, comprehensive training and better access to counselling.
全球估计有2590万难民，他们在东道国生活期间需要医疗服务。为了有效治疗难民患者，护士必须记录他们的病史，这需要倾听他们的创伤经历。已表明倾听创伤会导致替代性创伤。
确定替代性创伤形成过程中涉及的风险和保护因素。
在检索四个数据库后，选择了九项研究进行综述。搜索关键词为“替代性创伤”“难民”和“护士”。使用批判性评估技能计划和混合方法评估工具对文章进行评估。
替代性创伤在为难民提供护理的护士中很常见。文化方面构成了主要的风险和保护因素。文化差异导致沟通紧张，而文化相似性则有助于增进理解。一些文化比其他文化更具复原力。替代性复原力也得到了强调，这是一种因倾听并帮助患者克服创伤而产生的个人成长感。替代性复原力的发展是一个保护因素。
需要进一步研究如何将风险降至最低并确立保护因素。一些应对建议包括个人反思、全面培训以及更好地获得心理咨询服务。
