Reck Corinna, Hagl Maria, Ohlrich Robert, Zietlow Anna-Lena
Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Freelance Researcher, Munich, Germany.
Psychopathology. 2023;56(1-2):64-74. doi: 10.1159/000525679. Epub 2022 Jul 14.
In interaction with their mother, infants not only learn how human relationships work, but - on an even more basic level - the continuous bidirectional, interactive regulation between mother and infant shapes the infant's socioemotional development. Coordinated interactions alternate with uncoordinated ones, the latter resulting in momentary ruptures during this dyadic exchange. Usually, these are quickly repaired. The mother's capacity for engaging with her infant in a sensitive and appropriate manner is crucial for successful socioemotional development. On a transgenerational level, a mother will draw on her own relational experiences - embodied as implicit memory - when interacting with her baby. Thus, comprehensive and effective treatment of maternal postpartum disorders that often impair the mother's interactive skills and capacity for maternal bonding is of great importance. One aim of modern mother-infant treatment is to target dysfunctional interactive patterns, often with the help of video feedback and microanalysis of behavioral observations. In this paper, after giving an overview of affective regulation in mother-infant dyads and the role of maternal factors and postpartum mental health, we describe relationship-focused approaches to mother-infant treatment. Our focus lies on video feedback and body-oriented interventions. We also explore classical as well as contemporary theoretical underpinnings in mother-infant research and how psychoanalytic concepts like containment and mentalization not only enrich approaches to mother-infant treatment but also adult treatment in general. We conclude that working with and expanding one's own implicit relational knowledge is central for the therapeutic process and can be initiated by video-based interventions or by genuinely experiencing and reflecting on interactions in dyads and groups.
在与母亲的互动中，婴儿不仅学习人际关系如何运作，而且在更基本的层面上，母婴之间持续的双向互动调节塑造了婴儿的社会情感发展。协调的互动与不协调的互动交替出现，后者会在这种二元交流中导致瞬间中断。通常，这些中断会很快得到修复。母亲以敏感和恰当的方式与婴儿互动的能力对于成功的社会情感发展至关重要。在跨代层面上，母亲在与婴儿互动时会借鉴自己作为内隐记忆体现的关系经验。因此，全面有效地治疗常常损害母亲互动技能和母婴联结能力的产后疾病非常重要。现代母婴治疗的一个目标是针对功能失调的互动模式，这通常借助视频反馈和行为观察的微观分析来实现。在本文中，在概述母婴二元组中的情感调节以及母亲因素和产后心理健康的作用之后，我们描述了以关系为重点的母婴治疗方法。我们关注视频反馈和身体导向的干预措施。我们还探讨了母婴研究中的经典和当代理论基础，以及诸如容纳和心理化等精神分析概念如何不仅丰富了母婴治疗方法，而且总体上也丰富了成人治疗方法。我们得出结论，运用并扩展自己的内隐关系知识对于治疗过程至关重要，并且可以通过基于视频的干预措施或通过真实体验和反思二元组及群体中的互动来启动。
