Academic Collaborative Centre Older Adults, Tranzo Scientific Centre for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2022 Jul 15;22(1):921. doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-08186-w.
COVID-19 disproportionally affects older adults living in nursing homes. The purpose of this review was to explore and map the scientific literature on the health impact of COVID-19 and related restrictive measures during the first and second wave among nursing home residents. A specific focus was placed on health data collected among nursing home residents themselves.
In this study, best practices for scoping reviews were followed. Five databases were systematically searched for peer-reviewed empirical studies published up until December 2020 in which data were collected among nursing home residents. Articles were categorized according to the type of health impact (physical, social and/or psychological) and study focus (impact of COVID-19 virus or related restrictive measures). Findings were presented using a narrative style.
Of 60 included studies, 57 examined the physical impact of COVID-19. All of these focused on the direct impact of the COVID-19 virus. These studies often used an observational design and quantitative data collection methods, such as swab testing or reviewing health records. Only three studies examined the psychological impact of COVID-19 of which one study focused on the impact of COVID-19-related restrictive measures. Findings were contradictory; both decreased and improved psychological wellbeing was found during the pandemic compared with before. No studies were found that examined the impact on social wellbeing and one study examined other health-related outcomes, including preference changes of nursing home residents in Advanced Care planning following the pandemic.
Studies into the impact of the first and second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic among nursing home residents predominantly focused on the physical impact. Future studies into the psychological and social impact that collect data among residents themselves will provide more insight into their perspectives, such as lived experiences, wishes, needs and possibilities during later phases of the pandemic. These insights can inform policy makers and healthcare professionals in providing person-centered care during the remaining COVID-19 pandemic and in future crisis periods.
COVID-19 对居住在养老院的老年人有不成比例的影响。本研究旨在探讨和绘制 COVID-19 及其相关限制措施在第一波和第二波疫情期间对养老院居民健康影响的科学文献。特别关注的是在养老院居民中收集的健康数据。
本研究遵循范围综述的最佳实践。系统地在五个数据库中搜索了截至 2020 年 12 月发表的同行评审实证研究，这些研究在养老院居民中收集了数据。文章根据健康影响的类型（身体、社会和/或心理）和研究重点（COVID-19 病毒的影响或相关限制措施）进行分类。结果以叙述的方式呈现。
在 60 项纳入的研究中，有 57 项研究了 COVID-19 的身体影响。所有这些都集中在 COVID-19 病毒的直接影响上。这些研究通常采用观察性设计和定量数据收集方法，如拭子检测或审查健康记录。只有三项研究调查了 COVID-19 的心理影响，其中一项研究关注 COVID-19 相关限制措施的影响。研究结果相互矛盾；与疫情前相比，疫情期间发现心理福利状况既有所下降也有所改善。没有发现研究影响社会福利的研究，有一项研究调查了其他与健康相关的结果，包括大流行后养老院居民在高级护理计划中的偏好变化。
对养老院居民第一波和第二波 COVID-19 疫情影响的研究主要集中在身体影响上。未来的研究将重点关注心理和社会影响，并在居民中收集数据，这将更深入地了解他们的观点，如在疫情后期的生活经历、愿望、需求和可能性。这些见解可以为政策制定者和医疗保健专业人员在剩余的 COVID-19 大流行期间以及未来的危机时期提供以人为本的护理提供信息。
