Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Women's and Family Health, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Front Public Health. 2022 Jun 30;10:904792. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.904792. eCollection 2022.
In developing countries, intimate partner violence is increasing alarmingly, though attention to this issue is rarely given. It has devastating effects on the general wellbeing of women, pregnancy outcomes, and the long-term health of children, and this needs to be addressed. Hence, this study was designed to assess intimate partner violence and associated factors in northwest Ethiopia.
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 1 to August 30, 2021, among 858 postpartum women in Gondar city. A cluster sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. EPI DATA version 4.6 and SPSS 25 were used for data entry, cleaning and analysis, respectively. A bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with intimate partner violence. The level of significant association was declared using the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) and a -value of ≤ 0.05.
In this study, 48.6% of women indicated having experienced intimate partner violence during pregnancy (95% CI: 45.3, 51.7). The odds of intimate partner violence during pregnancy were significantly higher among women who were not able to read and write (AOR = 4.96; 95% CI: 2.15, 11.41), were private workers (AOR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.05, 3.02), and had low decision-making power (AOR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.95), a poor social support (AOR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.32, 3.02), and unsupported pregnancy by family (AOR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.26, 4.24). Whereas a family size of ≥ 5 (AOR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.98) appeared to be a protective factor for intimate partner violence.
The magnitude of intimate partner violence was unacceptably high in the study area and connected to poor women's empowerment and social determinants of health. Thus, it is important to focus on interventions that improve women's access to social support and allow them to participate in all aspects of household decision-making through community-based structures and networks. It is also important to encourage women to improve their educational status and arrange risk-free employment opportunities.
在发展中国家，亲密伴侣暴力令人震惊地不断增加，尽管很少有人关注这个问题。它对妇女的整体健康、妊娠结局和儿童的长期健康都有毁灭性的影响，因此需要加以解决。因此，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚西北部的亲密伴侣暴力及其相关因素。
这是一项 2021 年 7 月 1 日至 8 月 30 日在贡德尔市进行的基于社区的横断面研究，共纳入 858 名产后妇女。采用聚类抽样技术选择研究对象。使用 EPI DATA 版本 4.6 和 SPSS 25 分别进行数据录入、清理和分析。采用单变量和多变量逻辑回归模型来确定与亲密伴侣暴力相关的因素。使用调整后的优势比（AOR）和 95%置信区间（CI）以及 - 值≤0.05 来确定有意义的关联水平。
在这项研究中，48.6%的妇女在怀孕期间表示曾经历过亲密伴侣暴力（95%CI：45.3，51.7）。在不能读写的妇女（AOR=4.96；95%CI：2.15，11.41）、私营部门工人（AOR=1.78；95%CI：1.05，3.02）和决策权低的妇女（AOR=1.43；95%CI：1.06，1.95）、社会支持差的妇女（AOR=1.99；95%CI：1.32，3.02）以及家庭不支持怀孕的妇女（AOR=2.32；95%CI：1.26，4.24）中，怀孕期间亲密伴侣暴力的发生几率显著更高。而家庭规模≥5（AOR=0.73；95%CI：0.54，0.98）则似乎是亲密伴侣暴力的保护因素。
在研究区域，亲密伴侣暴力的程度高得令人无法接受，与妇女赋权不足和健康的社会决定因素有关。因此，重要的是要关注通过基于社区的结构和网络，改善妇女获得社会支持和参与家庭决策各个方面的机会，以及鼓励妇女提高教育水平并安排无风险的就业机会的干预措施。
