State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022 Jun 30;12:900918. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.900918. eCollection 2022.
The balance or dysbiosis of the microbial community is a major factor in maintaining human health or causing disease. The unique microenvironment of the oral cavity provides optimal conditions for colonization and proliferation of microbiota, regulated through complex biological signaling systems and interactions with the host. Once the oral microbiota is out of balance, microorganisms produce virulence factors and metabolites, which will cause dental caries, periodontal disease, etc. Microbial metabolism and host immune response change the local microenvironment in turn and further promote the excessive proliferation of dominant microbes in dysbiosis. As the product of interdisciplinary development of materials science, stomatology, and biomedical engineering, oral biomaterials are playing an increasingly important role in regulating the balance of the oral microbiome and treating oral diseases. In this perspective, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of oral microbiota dysbiosis and introduce emerging materials focusing on oral microbiota dysbiosis in recent years, including inorganic materials, organic materials, and some biomolecules. In addition, the limitations of the current study and possible research trends are also summarized. It is hoped that this review can provide reference and enlightenment for subsequent research on effective treatment strategies for diseases related to oral microbiota dysbiosis.
微生物群落的平衡或失调是维持人类健康或导致疾病的一个主要因素。口腔独特的微环境为微生物群落的定植和增殖提供了最佳条件，通过复杂的生物信号系统和与宿主的相互作用来调节。一旦口腔微生物群落失衡，微生物就会产生毒力因子和代谢物，从而导致龋齿、牙周病等。微生物代谢和宿主免疫反应反过来改变局部微环境，进一步促进失调中优势微生物的过度增殖。作为材料科学、口腔医学和生物医学工程跨学科发展的产物，口腔生物材料在调节口腔微生物组平衡和治疗口腔疾病方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。在这篇观点文章中，我们讨论了口腔微生物失调发病机制的基础，并介绍了近年来新兴的专注于口腔微生物失调的材料，包括无机材料、有机材料和一些生物分子。此外，还总结了当前研究的局限性和可能的研究趋势。希望这篇综述能为后续研究与口腔微生物失调相关疾病的有效治疗策略提供参考和启示。
