Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China.
National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2022 Oct;9(28):e2202797. doi: 10.1002/advs.202202797. Epub 2022 Jul 22.
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, dramatically improving survival rates of melanoma and lung cancer patients. Nevertheless, immunotherapy is almost ineffective against ovarian cancer (OC) due to its cold tumor immune microenvironment (TIM). Many traditional medications aimed at remodeling TIM are often associated with severe systemic toxicity, require frequent dosing, and show only modest clinical efficacy. In recent years, emerging nanomedicines have demonstrated extraordinary immunotherapeutic effects for OC by reversing the TIM because the physical and biochemical features of nanomedicines can all be harnessed to obtain optimal and expected tissue distribution and cellular uptake. However, nanomedicines are far from being widely explored in the field of OC immunotherapy due to the lack of appreciation for the professional barriers of nanomedicine and pathology, limiting the horizons of biomedical researchers and materials scientists. Herein, a typical cold tumor-OC is adopted as a paradigm to introduce the classification of TIM, the TIM characteristics of OC, and the advantages of nanomedicines for immunotherapy. Subsequently, current nanomedicines are comprehensively summarized through five general strategies to substantially enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy by heating the cold OC. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of this expanding field for improved development of clinical applications are also discussed.
免疫疗法彻底改变了癌症治疗，显著提高了黑色素瘤和肺癌患者的生存率。然而，由于卵巢癌（OC）的肿瘤免疫微环境（TIM）呈冷肿瘤状态，免疫疗法对此几乎无效。许多旨在重塑 TIM 的传统药物通常与严重的全身毒性相关，需要频繁给药，并且仅显示出适度的临床疗效。近年来，新兴的纳米医学通过逆转 TIM 为 OC 展示了非凡的免疫治疗效果，因为纳米医学的物理和生化特性都可以被利用来获得最佳和预期的组织分布和细胞摄取。然而，由于对纳米医学和病理学的专业障碍缺乏认识，纳米医学在 OC 免疫治疗领域远未得到广泛探索，限制了生物医学研究人员和材料科学家的视野。在此，采用典型的冷肿瘤-OC 作为范例，介绍 TIM 的分类、OC 的 TIM 特征以及纳米医学在免疫治疗中的优势。随后，通过五种一般策略全面总结了当前的纳米医学，通过加热冷 OC 来显著提高免疫治疗的效果。最后，还讨论了这个不断发展的领域的挑战和前景，以促进临床应用的改进开发。
