Luciani Silvana, Agurto Irene, Caixeta Roberta, Hennis Anselm
Department of Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health Pan American Health Organization Washington, DC United States of America Department of Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States of America.
Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2022 Jul 20;46:e83. doi: 10.26633/RPSP.2022.83. eCollection 2022.
This article describes the situation of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in the Americas, implementation of NCD interventions according to key progress indicators, the impact of COVID-19 on NCD services, and ways to reprioritize NCDs following COVID-19. Information was retrieved from institutional data and through a supplementary scoping review of published articles related to NCDs and COVID-19 in the Americas published April 2020-November 2021. While NCDs account for 80.7% of all deaths in the Americas, implementation of a key set of NCD interventions has been limited, with only three countries reporting implementation of 12 or more of the 19 NCD indicators. By mid-May 2022, the Americas had reported about 29.9% of all COVID-19 cases in the world (154 million of 515 million) and 43.5% all COVID-19 deaths (2.7 million of 6.2 million). This pandemic has hampered progress on NCDs and significantly disrupted services for people who require ongoing care. Adaptive strategies, such as telehealth and mobile pharmacies, have been used to mitigate service disruptions. However, NCD prevention and management must be an integral part of recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic. This will require scaled up efforts to establish/re-establish and enforce policies on NCD risk factors, especially for tobacco control and obesity prevention, as well as greater investment in primary care and expansion of telemedicine and digital health solutions for continuous care for people with NCDs. Lastly, limited data are available on the impact of COVID-19 on NCDs, and hence NCD data and surveillance need to be strengthened.
本文描述了美洲地区非传染性疾病（NCDs）的情况、依据关键进展指标实施的非传染性疾病干预措施、新冠疫情对非传染性疾病服务的影响，以及新冠疫情后重新调整非传染性疾病优先次序的方法。信息来源于机构数据，并通过对2020年4月至2021年11月在美洲发表的与非传染性疾病和新冠疫情相关的已发表文章进行补充范围审查获取。虽然非传染性疾病占美洲所有死亡人数的80.7%，但一套关键的非传染性疾病干预措施的实施情况有限，只有三个国家报告实施了19项非传染性疾病指标中的12项或更多。截至2022年5月中旬，美洲地区报告的新冠病例约占全球总数的29.9%（5.15亿例中的1.54亿例），新冠死亡病例占全球总数的43.5%（620万例中的270万例）。这场疫情阻碍了非传染性疾病防治工作的进展，并严重扰乱了对需要持续护理人群的服务。远程医疗和移动药房等适应性策略已被用于减轻服务中断的影响。然而，非传染性疾病的预防和管理必须成为从新冠疫情中恢复的一个组成部分。这将需要加大力度制定/重新制定并执行关于非传染性疾病风险因素的政策，特别是烟草控制和肥胖预防政策，以及加大对初级保健的投资，并扩大远程医疗和数字健康解决方案，以便为非传染性疾病患者提供持续护理。最后，关于新冠疫情对非传染性疾病影响的数据有限，因此需要加强非传染性疾病数据和监测工作。
