影响护理实习生职业认同的因素：一项横断面研究。
Factors influencing the professional identity of nursing interns: a cross-sectional study.
作者信息
Zeng Lihong, Chen Qirong, Fan Sisi, Yi Qifeng, An Wenhong, Liu Huan, Hua Wei, Huang Rong, Huang Hui
机构信息
Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Hunan Labor and Human Resources Vocational College, Changsha, Hunan, China.
出版信息
BMC Nurs. 2022 Jul 25;21(1):200. doi: 10.1186/s12912-022-00983-2.
BACKGROUND
Improving the professional identity of nursing intern is significant for enhancing the number of new registered nurses and easing the shortage of nursing personnel. The clinical internship is a key period for the formulation of professional identity. However, we know little about the factors influencing the nursing interns' professional identity during clinical internship. Therefore, this study explore the influencing factors of nursing interns' professional identity during clinical internship. This study will provide evidence and suggestions for generating effective strategies contributing to professional identity improvement of nursing interns.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study. The convenience sampling was used to recruit 398 nursing interns from a teaching hospital in Hunan, China. The demographic characteristics information was collected by a self-developed questionnaire. The nursing interns' professional identity and potential influencing factors (e.g., work atmosphere, teacher capacity) were measured by questionnaires with good psychometric properties. The appropriate indicators were used for descriptive statistics, and t test, analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used to analyse the influencing factors.
RESULTS
In this study, the influencing factors of nursing interns' professional identity are education level, first choice of major, residential status, work atmosphere, and teacher capacity. The results showed that: (1) the nursing interns with a higher education level reported a lower level of professional identity; (2) the nursing interns whose first choice of major was not nursing discipline reported a lower level of professional identity; (3) the nursing interns live in rural areas (compared to urban areas) reported a higher level of professional identity; (4) the nursing interns in better work atmosphere reported a higher level of professional identity; (5) the nursing interns under the guidance of the teachers equipped with better teaching capacity reported a higher level of professional identity.
CONCLUSION
The education level, first choice of major and residential status are influence factors of nursing interns' professional identity. The nursing educators need to pay attention to nursing interns whose first choice is not nursing, and in a bachelor program, who may have a lower level of professional identity. It is crucial to enhance the nursing interns' professional identity by improve the work atmosphere and clinical teachers' capacity, to promote nursing interns to choose nursing as a profession and reduce the shortage of nursing workforce.
背景
提升护理实习生的职业认同感对于增加新注册护士数量和缓解护理人员短缺具有重要意义。临床实习是形成职业认同感的关键时期。然而，我们对临床实习期间影响护理实习生职业认同感的因素知之甚少。因此，本研究探讨临床实习期间护理实习生职业认同感的影响因素。本研究将为制定有助于提高护理实习生职业认同感的有效策略提供证据和建议。
方法
这是一项横断面研究。采用便利抽样法从中国湖南的一家教学医院招募了398名护理实习生。通过自行编制的问卷收集人口学特征信息。采用具有良好心理测量学特性的问卷测量护理实习生的职业认同感和潜在影响因素（如工作氛围、教师能力）。使用适当的指标进行描述性统计，并采用t检验、方差分析、Pearson相关分析和多元线性回归分析影响因素。
结果
本研究中，护理实习生职业认同感的影响因素有学历、第一专业选择、居住状况、工作氛围和教师能力。结果显示：（1）学历较高的护理实习生职业认同感水平较低；（2）第一专业选择不是护理专业的护理实习生职业认同感水平较低；（3）居住在农村地区（与城市地区相比）的护理实习生职业认同感水平较高；（4）工作氛围较好的护理实习生职业认同感水平较高；（5）在教学能力较强的教师指导下的护理实习生职业认同感水平较高。
结论
学历、第一专业选择和居住状况是护理实习生职业认同感的影响因素。护理教育工作者需要关注第一专业选择不是护理专业的护理实习生，以及本科项目中职业认同感可能较低的护理实习生。通过改善工作氛围和临床教师能力来增强护理实习生的职业认同感，对于促进护理实习生选择护理职业和减少护理劳动力短缺至关重要。
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