Maaskant Annemiek, Janssen Isabel, Wouters Inge M, Eerdenburg Frank J C M van, Remarque Edmond J, Langermans Jan A M, Bakker Jaco
Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
Department Population Health Sciences, Animals in Science & Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Jul 7;12(14):1750. doi: 10.3390/ani12141750.
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is strongly associated with animal health and wellbeing. To identify possible problems of the indoor environment of macaques ( spp.), we assessed the IAQ. The temperature (°C), relative humidity (%) and concentrations of inhalable dust (mg/m), endotoxins (EU/m), ammonia (ppm) and fungal aerosols were measured at stationary fixed locations in indoor enclosures of group-housed rhesus () and cynomolgus macaques (). In addition, the personal exposure of caretakers to inhalable dust and endotoxins was measured and evaluated. Furthermore, the air circulation was assessed with non-toxic smoke, and the number of times the macaques sneezed was recorded. The indoor temperature and relative humidity for both species were within comfortable ranges. The geometric mean (GM) ammonia, dust and endotoxin concentrations were 1.84 and 0.58 ppm, 0.07 and 0.07 mg/m, and 24.8 and 6.44 EU/m in the rhesus and cynomolgus macaque units, respectively. The GM dust concentrations were significantly higher during the daytime than during the nighttime. Airborne fungi ranged between 425 and 1877 CFU/m. Personal measurements on the caretakers showed GM dust and endotoxin concentrations of 4.2 mg/m and 439.0 EU/m, respectively. The number of sneezes and the IAQ parameters were not correlated. The smoke test revealed a suboptimal air flow pattern. Although the dust, endotoxins and ammonia were revealed to be within accepted human threshold limit values (TLV), caretakers were exposed to dust and endotoxin levels exceeding existing occupational reference values.
室内空气质量（IAQ）与动物健康和福祉密切相关。为了确定猕猴室内环境可能存在的问题，我们评估了室内空气质量。在群居恒河猴和食蟹猴室内圈舍的固定位置测量了温度（℃）、相对湿度（%）以及可吸入粉尘浓度（mg/m³）、内毒素（EU/m³）、氨（ppm）和真菌气溶胶浓度。此外，还测量并评估了饲养员的个人可吸入粉尘和内毒素暴露情况。此外，用无毒烟雾评估了空气流通情况，并记录了猕猴打喷嚏的次数。两种猕猴的室内温度和相对湿度均在舒适范围内。恒河猴和食蟹猴圈舍中氨、粉尘和内毒素浓度的几何平均值分别为1.84和0.58 ppm、0.07和0.07 mg/m³、24.8和6.44 EU/m³。白天的粉尘几何平均浓度显著高于夜间。空气中真菌数量在425至1877 CFU/m³之间。对饲养员的个人测量显示，粉尘和内毒素的几何平均浓度分别为4.2 mg/m³和439.0 EU/m³。打喷嚏次数与室内空气质量参数无关。烟雾测试显示气流模式不理想。虽然粉尘、内毒素和氨的浓度在人类可接受的阈限值（TLV）范围内，但饲养员接触的粉尘和内毒素水平超过了现有的职业参考值。
