Department of Electrical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan.
Department of Neurology, Municipal Gandau Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Jul 14;22(14):5255. doi: 10.3390/s22145255.
Approximate entropy (ApEn) is used as a nonlinear measure of heart-rate variability (HRV) in the analysis of ECG time-series recordings. Previous studies have reported that HRV can differentiate between frail and pre-frail people. In this study, EEGs and ECGs were recorded from 38 elderly adults while performing a three-stage cycling routine. Before and after cycling stages, 5-min resting-state EEGs (rs-EEGs) and ECGs were also recorded under the eyes-open condition. Applying the K-mean classifier to pre-exercise rs-ECG ApEn values and body weights revealed nine females with EEG power which was far higher than that of the other subjects in all cycling stages. The breathing of those females was more rapid than that of other subjects and their average heart rate was faster. Those females also presented higher degrees of asymmetry in the alpha and theta bands (stronger power levels in the right frontal electrode), indicating stressful responses during the experiment. It appears that EEG delta activity could be used in conjunction with a very low ECG frequency power as a predictor of bursts in the heart rate to facilitate the monitoring of elderly adults at risk of heart failure. A resting ECG ApEn index in conjunction with the subject's weight or BMI is recommended for screening high-risk candidates prior to exercise interventions.
近似熵（ApEn）被用作分析心电图时间序列记录的心率变异性（HRV）的非线性度量。先前的研究报告称，HRV 可以区分虚弱和衰弱前期的人。在这项研究中，对 38 名老年人进行了 EEG 和 ECG 记录，同时进行了三个阶段的循环例行程序。在循环阶段之前和之后，还在睁眼状态下记录了 5 分钟的静息状态 EEG（rs-EEG）和 ECG。应用 K-均值分类器对运动前 rs-ECG ApEn 值和体重进行分析，结果显示，9 名女性的 EEG 功率远高于其他受试者在所有循环阶段的功率。这些女性的呼吸速度比其他受试者快，平均心率也更快。这些女性在 alpha 和 theta 波段也表现出更高的不对称性（右额电极的功率水平更强），这表明在实验过程中存在应激反应。似乎可以将 EEG 德尔塔活动与非常低的 ECG 频率功率结合使用，作为心率爆发的预测指标，以方便对有心力衰竭风险的老年人进行监测。建议在进行运动干预之前，使用静息 ECG ApEn 指数结合受试者的体重或 BMI 来筛选高风险候选者。
