National Reference Laboratory for Asfivirus and Pestivirus, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, "Togo Rosati", Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
Viruses. 2022 Jun 24;14(7):1384. doi: 10.3390/v14071384.
African Swine Fever (ASF), a hemorrhagic disease with a high mortality rate in suids, is transmitted via direct and indirect contact with infectious animals and contaminated fomites, respectively. ASF reached Europe in 2014, affecting 14 of the 27 EU countries including, recently, the Italian peninsula. The fast and unprecedented spread of ASF in the EU has highlighted gaps in knowledge regarding transmission mechanisms. Fomites, such as contaminated clothing and footwear, farming tools, equipment and vehicles have been widely reported in the spread of ASF. The absence of available vaccines renders biosecurity measures, cleaning and disinfection procedures an essential control tool, to a greater degree than the others, for the prevention of primary and secondary introductions of ASF in pig farms. In this review, available data on the virucidal activity of chemical compounds as disinfectants against the ASF virus (ASFV) are summarized together with laboratory methods adopted to assess the virucidal activity.
非洲猪瘟（ASF）是一种在猪中死亡率很高的出血性疾病，分别通过与感染动物的直接接触和间接接触以及受污染的媒介物传播。ASF 于 2014 年传入欧洲，影响了欧盟 27 个成员国中的 14 个，最近还包括意大利半岛。ASF 在欧盟的快速和前所未有的传播突显了在传播机制方面知识上的差距。受污染的衣物和鞋类、农具、设备和车辆等媒介物在 ASF 的传播中被广泛报道。由于没有可用的疫苗，因此生物安全措施、清洁和消毒程序成为预防 ASF 在养猪场中初次和二次传入的重要控制工具，比其他措施更为重要。在这篇综述中，总结了关于化学消毒剂对 ASF 病毒（ASFV）的杀病毒活性的现有数据，以及用于评估杀病毒活性的实验室方法。
