Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.
Department of Applied Biology, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia.
Bioengineered. 2022 Jun;13(6):14646-14666. doi: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2099599.
Genome-editing tools for the development of traits to tolerate abiotic and biotic adversaries are the recently devised breeding techniques revolutionizing molecular breeding by addressing the issues of rapidness and precision. To that end, disease resistance development by disrupting disease susceptibility genes (S genes) to intervene in the biological mechanism of pathogenicity has significantly improved the techniques of molecular breeding. Despite the achievements in genome-editing aimed at the intervention of the function of susceptibility determinants or gene regulatory elements, off-target effects associated with yield-related traits are still the main setbacks. The challenges are attributed to the complexity of the inheritance of traits controlled by pleiotropic genes. Therefore, a more rigorous genome-editing tool with ultra-precision and efficiency for the development of broad-spectrum and durable disease resistance applied to staple crop plants is of critical importance in molecular breeding programs. The main objective of this article is to review the most impressive progresses achieved in resistance breeding against the main diseases of three crops (potato, ; tomato, and pepper, ) using genome-editing by disrupting the sequences of S genes, their promoters, or pathogen genes. In this paper, we discussed the complexity and applicability of genome-editing tools, summarized the main disease of crops, and compiled the recent reports on disease resistance developed by S-gene silencing and their off-target effects. Moreover, GO count and gene annotation were made for pooled S-genes from biological databases. Achievements and prospects of S-gene-based next-generation breeding technologies are also discussed.
用于开发耐受非生物和生物逆境特性的基因组编辑工具是最近设计的育种技术，通过解决快速性和精确性问题，正在彻底改变分子育种。为此，通过破坏易感性基因（S 基因）来干预致病性的生物学机制来开发抗病性，显著提高了分子育种技术。尽管在针对易感性决定因素或基因调控元件的功能干预的基因组编辑方面取得了成就，但与产量相关性状相关的脱靶效应仍然是主要的挫折。这些挑战归因于由多效基因控制的性状遗传的复杂性。因此，开发一种更严格的、具有超精确性和高效性的基因组编辑工具，用于开发广谱和持久的抗病性，应用于主要作物植物，在分子育种计划中至关重要。本文的主要目的是回顾利用 S 基因序列、启动子或病原菌基因编辑破坏来对抗三种主要作物（马铃薯、番茄和辣椒）的主要病害的抗性育种方面取得的最令人印象深刻的进展。在本文中，我们讨论了基因组编辑工具的复杂性和适用性，总结了主要作物的主要病害，并汇编了最近关于 S 基因沉默和脱靶效应开发的抗病性的报道。此外，还对来自生物数据库的 pooled S-genes 进行了 GO 计数和基因注释。还讨论了基于 S 基因的下一代育种技术的成就和前景。
