ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India.
Planta. 2023 Mar 22;257(5):86. doi: 10.1007/s00425-023-04112-4.
In this review, using genome editing, the quality trait alterations in important crops have been discussed, along with the challenges encountered to maintain the crop products' quality. The delivery of economic produce with superior quality is as important as high yield since it dictates consumer's acceptance and end use. Improving product quality of various agricultural and horticultural crops is one of the important targets of plant breeders across the globe. Significant achievements have been made in various crops using conventional plant breeding approaches, albeit, at a slower rate. To keep pace with ever-changing consumer tastes and preferences and industry demands, such efforts must be supplemented with biotechnological tools. Fortunately, many of the quality attributes are resultant of well-understood biochemical pathways with characterized genes encoding enzymes at each step. Targeted mutagenesis and transgene transfer have been instrumental in bringing out desired qualitative changes in crops but have suffered from various pitfalls. Genome editing, a technique for methodical and site-specific modification of genes, has revolutionized trait manipulation. With the evolution of versatile and cost effective CRISPR/Cas9 system, genome editing has gained significant traction and is being applied in several crops. The availability of whole genome sequences with the advent of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies further enhanced the precision of these techniques. CRISPR/Cas9 system has also been utilized for desirable modifications in quality attributes of various crops such as rice, wheat, maize, barley, potato, tomato, etc. The present review summarizes salient findings and achievements of application of genome editing for improving product quality in various crops coupled with pointers for future research endeavors.
在这篇综述中，我们讨论了利用基因组编辑技术改变重要作物的品质特性，以及在维持作物产品质量方面所面临的挑战。提供具有卓越品质的经济农产品与高产量同样重要，因为它决定了消费者的接受程度和最终用途。提高各种农业和园艺作物的产品质量是全球植物育种者的重要目标之一。虽然利用传统的植物育种方法在各种作物中已经取得了重大成就，但进展速度较慢。为了跟上不断变化的消费者口味和偏好以及行业需求，必须用生物技术工具来补充这些努力。幸运的是，许多品质特性是由经过充分了解的生化途径产生的，这些途径在每个步骤都有特征基因编码的酶。靶向诱变和转基因转移在带来作物所需的定性变化方面发挥了重要作用，但也存在各种缺陷。基因组编辑是一种有针对性地对基因进行系统性和特异性修饰的技术，它彻底改变了性状操作。随着多功能且具有成本效益的 CRISPR/Cas9 系统的发展，基因组编辑技术得到了显著的发展，并已应用于多种作物。随着下一代测序（NGS）技术的出现，整个基因组序列的可用性进一步提高了这些技术的精确性。CRISPR/Cas9 系统也已被用于各种作物如水稻、小麦、玉米、大麦、马铃薯、番茄等品质特性的理想修饰。本综述总结了利用基因组编辑技术提高各种作物产品质量的显著发现和成就，并为未来的研究工作提供了方向。
