Hyland William E, Hoff Kevin A, Rounds James
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
J Intell. 2022 Jul 16;10(3):43. doi: 10.3390/jintelligence10030043.
Cognitive abilities and interests both play an important role in guiding knowledge acquisition, but most previous studies have examined them separately. The current study used a large and representative dataset to integrate interests and abilities using a person-centered approach that examines how distinct profiles of interests and abilities relate to individual strengths and weaknesses in knowledge. Two key findings emerged. First, eight interest-ability profiles were generated from Latent Profile Analysis (LPA), which replicated and extended the interrelations of interests and abilities found in previous studies using variable-centered approaches. Second, each profile's strongest knowledge scores corresponded to their strongest abilities and interests, highlighting the importance of interest-ability profiles for guiding the development of knowledge. Importantly, in some domains, the lower ability profiles were actually more knowledgeable than higher ability profiles. Overall, these findings suggest that people learn best when given opportunities to acquire knowledge relevant to both their interests and abilities. We discuss how interest-ability profiles inform integrative theories of psychological development and present implications for education and career development.
认知能力和兴趣在引导知识获取方面都起着重要作用，但大多数先前的研究都是分别对它们进行考察的。当前的研究使用了一个大型且具有代表性的数据集，采用以人为主的方法将兴趣和能力整合起来，该方法考察了兴趣和能力的不同组合如何与知识方面的个人优势和劣势相关联。出现了两个关键发现。第一，通过潜在剖面分析（LPA）生成了八个兴趣 - 能力组合，这复制并扩展了先前使用以变量为中心的方法所发现的兴趣与能力之间的相互关系。第二，每个组合最强的知识得分与其最强的能力和兴趣相对应，突出了兴趣 - 能力组合对指导知识发展的重要性。重要的是，在某些领域，能力较低的组合实际上比能力较高的组合知识更丰富。总体而言，这些发现表明，当人们有机会获取与他们的兴趣和能力都相关的知识时，他们学得最好。我们讨论了兴趣 - 能力组合如何为心理发展的整合理论提供信息，并阐述了其对教育和职业发展的启示。
