Huriah Rifqha, Hikmawati Dyah, Hadi Sofijan, Amrillah Tahta, Abdullah Che Azurahanim Che
Study Program of Physics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
Study Program of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Jul 23;14(15):2983. doi: 10.3390/polym14152983.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries are becoming more prevalent in athletes. Anterior Cruciatum Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR) surgery was used to treat ACL injuries and resulted in a recurrence rate of 94% due to the biomechanically repaired tissue being weaker than the original tissue. As a result, biodegradable artificial ligaments must be developed that can withstand mechanical stress during neoligament formation and stabilize the ACL. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of composition variations in polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) used as ACL nanofiber scaffolds on ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and modulus of elasticity, fiber diameter, cytotoxicity level, and degradation level, as well as the PLA-PCL concentration that provides the best value as an ACL scaffold. Electrospinning was used to fabricate the nanofiber scaffold with the following PLA-PCL compositions: A (100:0), B (85:15), C (80:20), D (70:30), and E (0:100) (wt%). The functional group test revealed no new peaks in any of the samples, and the ester group could be identified in the C-O bond at wave numbers 1300-1100 cm and in the C=O bond at wave numbers 1750-1730 cm. The average fiber diameter, as determined by SEM morphology, is between 1000 and 2000 nm. The unbraided sample had a UTS range of 1.578-4.387 MPa and an elastic modulus range of 8.351-141.901 MPa, respectively, whereas the braided sample had a range of 0.879-1.863 MPa and 2.739-4.746 MPa. The higher the PCL composition, the lower the percentage of viable cells and the faster the sample degrades. All samples had a cell viability percentage greater than 60%, and samples C, D, and E had a complete degradation period greater than six months. The ideal scaffold, Sample C, was composed of PLA-PCL 80:20 (wt%), had an average fiber diameter of 827 ± 271 nm, a living cell percentage of 97.416 ± 5.079, and a degradation time of approximately 219 days.
前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤在运动员中越来越普遍。前交叉韧带重建（ACLR）手术用于治疗ACL损伤，但由于生物力学修复的组织比原始组织弱，导致复发率达94%。因此，必须开发出可生物降解的人工韧带，使其在新韧带形成过程中能够承受机械应力并稳定ACL。本研究的目的是确定用作ACL纳米纤维支架的聚乳酸（PLA）和聚己内酯（PCL）的成分变化对极限拉伸强度（UTS）、弹性模量、纤维直径、细胞毒性水平和降解水平的影响，以及作为ACL支架具有最佳值的PLA-PCL浓度。采用静电纺丝法制备具有以下PLA-PCL组成的纳米纤维支架：A（100:0）、B（85:15）、C（80:20）、D（70:30）和E（0:100）（重量%）。官能团测试显示，任何样品中均未出现新峰，在波数1300 - 1100 cm的C - O键和波数1750 - 1730 cm的C = O键中可识别出酯基。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）形态测定的平均纤维直径在1000至2000 nm之间。未编织样品的UTS范围分别为1.578 - 4.387 MPa，弹性模量范围为8.351 - 141.901 MPa，而编织样品的范围为0.879 - 1.863 MPa和2.739 - 4.746 MPa。PCL组成越高，活细胞百分比越低，样品降解越快。所有样品的细胞活力百分比均大于60%，样品C、D和E的完全降解期大于6个月。理想的支架样品C由PLA-PCL 80:20（重量%）组成，平均纤维直径为827±271 nm，活细胞百分比为97.416±5.079，降解时间约为219天。
