Department of Geography Education, Kongju National University, Gongju-si, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea.
Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2022 Jul 27;17(7):e0270404. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270404. eCollection 2022.
Accomplishing the goals outlined in "Ending the HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) Epidemic: A Plan for America Initiative" will require properly estimating and increasing access to HIV testing, treatment, and prevention services. In this research, a computational spatial method for estimating access was applied to measure distance to services from all points of a city or state while considering the size of the population in need for services as well as both driving and public transportation. Specifically, this study employed the enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method to measure spatial accessibility to HIV testing, treatment (i.e., Ryan White HIV/AIDS program), and prevention (i.e., Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis [PrEP]) services. The method considered the spatial location of MSM (Men Who have Sex with Men), PLWH (People Living with HIV), and the general adult population 15-64 depending on what HIV services the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommends for each group. The study delineated service- and population-specific accessibility maps, demonstrating the method's utility by analyzing data corresponding to the city of Chicago and the state of Illinois. Findings indicated health disparities in the south and the northwest of Chicago and particular areas in Illinois, as well as unique health disparities for public transportation compared to driving. The methodology details and computer code are shared for use in research and public policy.
实现“终结艾滋病毒（HIV）流行：美国计划倡议”中概述的目标，需要正确评估和增加艾滋病毒检测、治疗和预防服务的可及性。在这项研究中，应用了一种计算空间方法来估计服务的可达性，以衡量从城市或州的所有地点到服务的距离，同时考虑到需要服务的人口规模以及驾车和公共交通。具体来说，本研究采用了增强型两步浮动集水区（E2SFCA）方法来衡量艾滋病毒检测、治疗（即 Ryan White HIV/AIDS 计划）和预防（即暴露前预防 [PrEP]）服务的空间可达性。该方法考虑了男男性行为者（MSM）、HIV 感染者（PLWH）和 15-64 岁的一般成年人口的空间位置，具体取决于美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）为每个群体推荐的 HIV 服务。该研究划定了特定服务和特定人群的可达性地图，通过分析对应于芝加哥市和伊利诺伊州的数据，展示了该方法的实用性。研究结果表明，芝加哥市南部和西北部以及伊利诺伊州的特定地区存在健康差距，与驾车相比，公共交通也存在独特的健康差距。该方法详细信息和计算机代码可用于研究和公共政策。
