Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
Department of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA.
Am J Vet Res. 2022 Jul 11;83(9):ajvr.21.12.0205. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.21.12.0205.
To assess the potential contamination of commercial raw dog food products with bacteria of the Enterobacterales order that produce extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase enzymes, determine risk factors for contamination, and understand isolate genetic diversity.
A total of 200 canine raw food products.
Products were cultured on selective chromogenic agar following enrichment steps. Whole-genome sequencing was performed for isolates that were confirmed to produce an ESBL. Isolates were characterized by antimicrobial resistance genes, and multilocus sequences typing, and compared to other isolates in the NCBI database for clonality. Preservation method and protein sources were assessed as potential risk factors for contamination with ESBL and carbapenemase-producing bacteria of the Enterobacterales order.
No carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) were identified, but ESBL-producing Enterobacterales bacteria were isolated from 20/200 products (10.0%; 95% CI, 7.3 to 16.5%), all of which were frozen. Pork-derived protein source products were 8.1 times (P = .001; 95% CI, 2.53 to 26.2) more likely to carry ESBL-producing Enterobacterales bacteria than other protein sources. WGS analysis confirmed the presence of ESBL genes in a total of 25 distinct isolates (19 Escherichia coli, 5 Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 1 Citrobacter braakii). Genes encoding CTX-M type ESBL enzymes were the most common (24/25 isolates, 96.0%) with blaCTX-M-27 being the most common allele (8/25, 32.0%).
Frozen, raw food products may serve as a route of transmission of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales bacteria to companion animals. Veterinarians should advise owners about the risks of raw food diets, including potential exposure to antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.
评估市售生犬粮产品中携带产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）和碳青霉烯酶的肠杆菌目细菌的潜在污染情况，确定污染的危险因素，并了解分离株的遗传多样性。
总共 200 种犬生食产品。
对经增菌步骤后的产品进行选择性显色琼脂培养。对确认产 ESBL 的分离株进行全基因组测序。对分离株进行抗菌药物耐药基因和多位点序列分型，并与 NCBI 数据库中的其他分离株进行克隆性比较。评估保藏方法和蛋白质来源是否为肠杆菌目产 ESBL 和碳青霉烯酶细菌污染的潜在危险因素。
未鉴定出产碳青霉烯酶肠杆菌（CPE），但从 200 种产品中（10.0%；95%CI，7.3 至 16.5%）分离出 20 种产 ESBL 的肠杆菌，均为冷冻产品。来源于猪肉的蛋白质源产品携带产 ESBL 肠杆菌的风险比其他蛋白质源高 8.1 倍（P=0.001；95%CI，2.53 至 26.2）。WGS 分析证实，在总共 25 个不同的分离株中存在 ESBL 基因（19 株大肠埃希菌、5 株肺炎克雷伯菌和 1 株阴沟肠杆菌）。最常见的是编码 CTX-M 型 ESBL 酶的基因（24/25 株，96.0%），最常见的等位基因是 blaCTX-M-27（8/25，32.0%）。
冷冻生食品可能是肠杆菌目产 ESBL 细菌传播给伴侣动物的途径之一。兽医应告知主人生食饮食的风险，包括可能接触到抗菌药物耐药细菌。
