Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Street address: No.138,Tongzipo Road,Yuelu District, Hunan, 410013, Changsha, China.
BMC Ophthalmol. 2022 Jul 27;22(1):324. doi: 10.1186/s12886-022-02549-x.
To estimate the frequency of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) among people who underwent health examination in Hunan, China and to determine the relationship between dietary pattern and the risk of AMD.
The Questionnaire was used to collect dietary data from 56,775 study participants of ≥ 50 years old who underwent health examination at the Department of Health Management, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between January 2017 and December 2019. The diagnosis of AMD was based on the results of color fundus photography (CFP), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and multispectral imaging (MSI). After excluding participants with incomplete records or other ocular disease that may affect the results of fundus examination, a total of 43,672 study participants were included. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between dietary pattern and the frequency of AMD.
Among the 43,672 study participants, 1080 (2.5%) had early AMD: the frequencies were 2.6% (n = 674) in men and 2.3% (n = 406) in women; the frequencies were 1.0% (n = 289), 3.6% (n = 401), 9.1% (n = 390) in 50-59, 60-69, ≥ 70 years old, respectively. And the age-standard frequency was 6.6% over the 60 years old in Hunan China. The high-salt intake increased the risk of early AMD [odds ratio (OR) = 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.54-1.68], whereas the intake of meat decreased the risk (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.81-0.99).
In Hunan China, there was a high frequency of early AMD detected through health examination over the 60 years old. And high-salt intake increases the risk of early AMD, whereas intake of meat decreases the risk. Modulating the dietary pattern and reducing the salt intake as an AMD prevention strategy warrant further study.
估计在中国湖南进行健康检查的人群中年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）的频率，并确定饮食模式与 AMD 风险之间的关系。
采用问卷收集 2017 年 1 月至 2019 年 12 月在中南大学湘雅三医院健康管理部接受健康检查、年龄≥50 岁的 56775 名研究参与者的饮食数据。AMD 的诊断基于彩色眼底照相（CFP）、谱域光相干断层扫描（OCT）和多光谱成像（MSI）的结果。排除记录不完整或其他可能影响眼底检查结果的眼部疾病的参与者后，共纳入 43672 名研究参与者。采用单因素和多因素 logistic 回归分析确定饮食模式与 AMD 频率之间的关系。
在 43672 名研究参与者中，有 1080 人（2.5%）患有早期 AMD：男性患病率为 2.6%（n=674），女性患病率为 2.3%（n=406）；50-59、60-69、≥70 岁年龄组的患病率分别为 1.0%（n=289）、3.6%（n=401）、9.1%（n=390）。湖南 60 岁以上人群的年龄标准化患病率为 6.6%。高盐摄入增加了早期 AMD 的风险[比值比（OR）=1.61，95%置信区间（CI）=1.54-1.68]，而肉类摄入减少了风险（OR=0.90，95%CI=0.81-0.99）。
在中国湖南，通过对 60 岁以上人群进行健康检查，发现早期 AMD 的发病率较高。高盐摄入增加了早期 AMD 的风险，而肉类摄入降低了风险。调整饮食模式和减少盐摄入量作为 AMD 的预防策略值得进一步研究。
