College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, Beijing, China.
State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, Beijing, China.
PeerJ. 2022 Jul 22;10:e13798. doi: 10.7717/peerj.13798. eCollection 2022.
The auxin response factor (ARF) combines with AuxREs cis-acting elements in response to auxin to regulate plant development. To date, no comprehensive analysis of ARF genes expressed during fruit development has been conducted for common fig ( L.). In this study, members of the FcARF gene family were screened, identified in the fig genome database and their features characterized using bioinformatics. Twenty FcARF genes were clustered into three classes, with almost similar highly conserved DBD (B3-like DNA binding domain), AUX/IAA (auxin/indole-3-acetic acid gene family) and MR domain structure among class members. Analysis of amino acid species in MR domain revealed 10 potential transcription activators and 10 transcription inhibitors, and 17 FcARF members were predicted to be located in the nucleus. DNA sequence analysis showed that the ARF gene family consisted of 4-25 exons, and the promoter region contained 16 cis-acting elements involved in stress response, hormone response and flavonoid biosynthesis. ARF genes were expressed in most tissues of fig, especially flower and peel. Transcriptomics analysis results showed that , and , belonging to class-Ia, were stably and highly expressed in the early development stage of flower and peel of 'Purple peel' fig. However, their expression levels decreased after maturity. Expression of class-Ic member conformed to the regularity of fig fruit development. These four potential transcription inhibitors may regulate fruit growth and development of 'Purple Peel' fig. This study provides comprehensive information on the fig ARF gene family, including gene structure, chromosome position, phylogenetic relationship and expression pattern. Our work provides a foundation for further research on auxin-mediated fig fruit development.
生长素响应因子（ARF）与AuxREs 顺式作用元件结合，响应生长素调节植物发育。迄今为止，尚未对普通无花果树（L.）果实发育过程中 ARF 基因的表达进行全面分析。在本研究中，筛选了 FcARF 基因家族的成员，在无花果树基因组数据库中鉴定，并使用生物信息学对其特征进行了表征。二十个 FcARF 基因被聚类为三个类，在类成员之间，几乎相似的高度保守 DBD（B3 样 DNA 结合结构域）、AUX/IAA（生长素/吲哚-3-乙酸基因家族）和 MR 结构域结构。MR 结构域中氨基酸物种分析表明有 10 个潜在的转录激活子和 10 个转录抑制剂，并且预测 17 个 FcARF 成员位于核内。DNA 序列分析表明，ARF 基因家族由 4-25 个外显子组成，启动子区域包含 16 个参与应激反应、激素反应和类黄酮生物合成的顺式作用元件。ARF 基因在无花果树的大多数组织中表达，特别是花和果皮。转录组学分析结果表明，属于 Ia 类的 、和 ，在‘紫皮’无花果花和果皮的早期发育阶段稳定且高度表达。然而，它们的表达水平在成熟后下降。类 Ic 成员 的表达符合无花果树果实发育的规律。这四个潜在的转录抑制剂可能调节‘紫皮’无花果的果实生长和发育。本研究提供了无花果 ARF 基因家族的全面信息，包括基因结构、染色体位置、系统发育关系和表达模式。我们的工作为进一步研究生长素介导的无花果树果实发育提供了基础。
