Meazzi Sara, Lauzi Stefania, Martini Valeria, Ferriani Riccardo, Peri Margherita, Zanzani Sergio Aurelio, Giordano Alessia
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy.
Ospedale Veterinario San Francesco, Milan, Italy.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Jul 13;9:868967. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.868967. eCollection 2022.
Gut microbiota seems to interact with immune system. Canine leishmaniasis pathogenesis and severity of disease lean on the host immunity, but there is no information in literature about gut microbiota in infected animals. Thus, this study aims to compare the microbiota composition and leukocyte subset of healthy dogs with those of asymptomatic dogs exposed to spp. and dogs with clinical leishmaniasis. Thirty-nine dogs were enrolled and grouped into three groups: healthy, exposed asymptomatic and infected symptomatic for spp. Flow cytometry on whole blood evaluated the prevalence of CD4, CD5, CD8, CD11b, CD14, and CD21 positive cells. Gut microbiota was investigated using a next generation sequencing (NGS) technique. Firmicutes resulted significantly more abundant in the healthy dogs compared with the other two groups. Conversely, Proteobacteria were more abundant in symptomatic dogs. Even in rarest phyla comparison some significant differences were found, as well as in comparison at classes, order, family and genus levels. The symptomatic group had lower concentration of all the lymphocyte classes (CD5, CD21, CD4, CD8) compared to the other groups. A lower abundance of Firmicutes is reported in literature in diseased animals compared to the healthy ones and this is in agreement with the results of this study. Increased Proteobacteria in sick animals could suggest a dysbiosis status, even without distinct gastrointestinal signs. The leukocyte classes results indicate a decreased Th1 response in symptomatic dogs. Studies also investigating the cytokine response could deepen the knowledge on the pathogenesis of canine leishmaniasis.
肠道微生物群似乎与免疫系统相互作用。犬利什曼病的发病机制和疾病严重程度取决于宿主免疫力，但文献中没有关于感染动物肠道微生物群的信息。因此，本研究旨在比较健康犬、暴露于利什曼原虫属的无症状犬和患有临床利什曼病的犬的微生物群组成和白细胞亚群。39只犬被纳入研究并分为三组：健康组、暴露无症状组和感染有症状组。对全血进行流式细胞术评估CD4、CD5、CD8、CD11b、CD14和CD21阳性细胞的比例。使用下一代测序（NGS）技术研究肠道微生物群。与其他两组相比，健康犬体内厚壁菌门的含量明显更高。相反，变形菌门在有症状的犬中更为丰富。即使在最罕见的门的比较中也发现了一些显著差异，在纲、目、科和属水平的比较中也是如此。与其他组相比，有症状组所有淋巴细胞类（CD5、CD21、CD4、CD8）的浓度较低。与健康动物相比，文献报道患病动物体内厚壁菌门的丰度较低，这与本研究结果一致。患病动物体内变形菌门增加可能表明存在生态失调状态，即使没有明显的胃肠道症状。白细胞类结果表明有症状犬的Th1反应降低。研究细胞因子反应也可能加深对犬利什曼病发病机制的了解。
