Watanabe Megumi, Otagaki Shungo, Matsumoto Shogo, Shiratake Katsuhiro
Laboratory of Horticultural Science, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Jul 14;13:892638. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.892638. eCollection 2022.
Grape ( L.) is an important fruit crop in the world. It is used as a table grape and is also used for raisin and wine production. Grape berries accumulate secondary metabolites, such as anthocyanins, tannins, and resveratrol, which are known as functional compounds for human health. Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporter (MATEs) transport secondary metabolites. MATEs also transport other solutes, including organic acids, and toxic xenobiotics, depending on cation gradient and play various roles in plants. MATE comprises 300-500 amino acid residues and possesses a MATE domain and 8-12 transmembrane domains. In the present study, 59 MATE genes were identified in the grape genome, and phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of four groups of grape MATEs (Group 1-4). Their information, such as gene structures, protein motifs, predicted subcellular localizations, and gene IDs of four genome annotations, that is, CRIBI v1, CRIBI v2, Genoscope, and Vcost v3, were annotated. The transport substrates and physiological functions of grape MATEs were estimated based on their homology with the analyzed MATEs in other plant species. Group 1 may transport toxic compounds and alkaloids, Group 2 may transport polyphenolic compounds, Group 3 may transport organic acids, and Group 4 may transport plant hormones related to signal transduction. In addition to the known anthocyanin transporters, VvMATE37 and VvMATE39, a novel anthocyanin transporter, VvMATE38 in Group 2, was suggested as a key transporter for anthocyanin accumulation in grape berry skin. VvMATE46, VvMATE47, and VvMATE49 in Group 3 may contribute to Al detoxification and Fe/Fe translocation organic acid transport. This study provides helpful and fundamental information for grape MATE studies and resolves the confusion of gene IDs in different genome annotations.
葡萄（Vitis vinifera L.）是世界上一种重要的水果作物。它既可以作为鲜食葡萄，也用于制作葡萄干和葡萄酒。葡萄浆果积累次生代谢产物，如花色苷、单宁和白藜芦醇，这些都是对人体健康有益的功能性化合物。多药和有毒化合物排出转运蛋白（MATEs）负责转运次生代谢产物。MATEs还根据阳离子梯度转运其他溶质，包括有机酸和有毒的外源性物质，并在植物中发挥多种作用。MATE由300 - 500个氨基酸残基组成，具有一个MATE结构域和8 - 12个跨膜结构域。在本研究中，在葡萄基因组中鉴定出59个MATE基因，系统发育分析显示葡萄MATEs存在四组（第1 - 4组）。对它们的信息进行了注释，包括基因结构、蛋白质基序、预测的亚细胞定位以及四个基因组注释（CRIBI v1、CRIBI v2、Genoscope和Vcost v3）的基因ID。基于葡萄MATEs与其他植物物种中已分析的MATEs的同源性，推测了它们的转运底物和生理功能。第1组可能转运有毒化合物和生物碱，第2组可能转运多酚类化合物，第3组可能转运有机酸，第4组可能转运与信号转导相关的植物激素。除了已知的花色苷转运蛋白VvMATE37和VvMATE39外，第2组中的一个新型花色苷转运蛋白VvMATE38被认为是葡萄浆果表皮中花色苷积累的关键转运蛋白。第3组中的VvMATE46、VvMATE47和VvMATE（此处原文有误，推测为VvMATE49）可能有助于铝解毒以及铁/铁的转运和有机酸的运输。本研究为葡萄MATEs的研究提供了有用的基础信息，并解决了不同基因组注释中基因ID的混淆问题。
