Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China.
Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Rizhao, No. 126 Taian Road, Rizhao 276827, People's Republic of China.
Mol Ther. 2022 Oct 5;30(10):3118-3132. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.07.018. Epub 2022 Aug 1.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has overtaken infectious illnesses as the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. The pathology that underpins CVD is atherosclerosis, characterized by chronic inflammation caused by the accumulation of plaques in the arteries. As our knowledge about the microenvironment of blood vessel walls deepens, there is an opportunity to fine-tune treatments to target the mechanisms driving atherosclerosis more directly. The application of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as biomarkers or intervention targets is increasing. Although these ncRNAs play an important role in driving atherosclerosis and vascular dysfunction, the cellular and extracellular environments pose a challenge for targeted transmission and therapeutic regulation of ncRNAs. Specificity, delivery, and tolerance have hampered the clinical translation of ncRNA-based therapeutics. Nanomedicine is an emerging field that uses nanotechnology for targeted drug delivery and advanced imaging. Recently, nanoscale carriers have shown promising results and have introduced new possibilities for nucleic acid targeted drug delivery, particularly for atherosclerosis. In this review, we discuss the latest developments in nanoparticles to aid ncRNA-based drug development, particularly miRNA, and we analyze the current challenges in ncRNA targeted delivery. In particular, we highlight the emergence of various kinds of nanotherapeutic approaches based on ncRNAs, which can improve treatment options for atherosclerosis.
心血管疾病 (CVD) 已超过传染病成为全球死亡和残疾的主要原因。CVD 的病理学基础是动脉粥样硬化，其特征是斑块在动脉中的积累引起的慢性炎症。随着我们对血管壁微环境的了解加深，有机会更直接地针对导致动脉粥样硬化的机制来调整治疗方法。非编码 RNA (ncRNA) 作为生物标志物或干预靶点的应用正在增加。虽然这些 ncRNA 在驱动动脉粥样硬化和血管功能障碍方面发挥着重要作用，但细胞和细胞外环境对 ncRNA 的靶向传递和治疗调节构成了挑战。特异性、传递和耐受性阻碍了基于 ncRNA 的治疗的临床转化。纳米医学是一个新兴领域，利用纳米技术进行靶向药物传递和高级成像。最近，纳米载体显示出有希望的结果，并为核酸靶向药物传递带来了新的可能性，特别是在动脉粥样硬化方面。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了用于辅助基于 ncRNA 的药物开发的纳米颗粒的最新进展，特别是 miRNA，并分析了 ncRNA 靶向传递的当前挑战。特别地，我们强调了基于 ncRNA 的各种新型治疗方法的出现，这可以改善动脉粥样硬化的治疗选择。
