Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa.
Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
Mol Plant Pathol. 2022 Nov;23(11):1701-1718. doi: 10.1111/mpp.13252. Epub 2022 Aug 3.
Plant viruses are known to infect most economically important crops and pose a major threat to global food security. Currently, few resistant host phenotypes have been delineated, and while chemicals are used for crop protection against insect pests and bacterial or fungal diseases, these are inefficient against viral diseases. Genetic engineering emerged as a way of modifying the plant genome by introducing functional genes in plants to improve crop productivity under adverse environmental conditions. Recently, new breeding technologies, and in particular the exciting CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins) technology, was shown to be a powerful alternative to engineer resistance against plant viruses, thus has great potential for reducing crop losses and improving plant productivity to directly contribute to food security. Indeed, it could circumvent the "Genetic modification" issues because it allows for genome editing without the integration of foreign DNA or RNA into the genome of the host plant, and it is simpler and more versatile than other new breeding technologies. In this review, we describe the predominant features of the major CRISPR/Cas systems and outline strategies for the delivery of CRISPR/Cas reagents to plant cells. We also provide an overview of recent advances that have engineered CRISPR/Cas-based resistance against DNA and RNA viruses in plants through the targeted manipulation of either the viral genome or susceptibility factors of the host plant genome. Finally, we provide insight into the limitations and challenges that CRISPR/Cas technology currently faces and discuss a few alternative applications of the technology in virus research.
植物病毒已知会感染大多数经济上重要的作物，对全球粮食安全构成重大威胁。目前，已经确定了少数具有抗性的宿主表型，虽然化学物质被用于防治作物的虫害以及细菌或真菌病害，但这些物质对病毒性病害的效果并不理想。遗传工程作为一种通过向植物中引入功能性基因来修饰植物基因组的方法而出现，以改善不利环境条件下作物的生产力。最近，新的育种技术，特别是令人兴奋的 CRISPR/Cas（成簇规律间隔短回文重复/CRISPR 相关蛋白）技术，被证明是一种对抗植物病毒的有效替代方法，因此具有很大的潜力，可以减少作物损失并提高植物生产力，从而直接为粮食安全做出贡献。事实上，它可以规避“基因修饰”问题，因为它允许在不将外源 DNA 或 RNA 整合到宿主植物基因组中的情况下进行基因组编辑，并且比其他新的育种技术更简单、更通用。在这篇综述中，我们描述了主要的 CRISPR/Cas 系统的主要特征，并概述了将 CRISPR/Cas 试剂递送到植物细胞的策略。我们还概述了最近通过靶向操纵病毒基因组或宿主植物基因组的易感性因素，在植物中设计基于 CRISPR/Cas 的针对 DNA 和 RNA 病毒的抗性方面的进展。最后，我们深入了解了 CRISPR/Cas 技术目前面临的限制和挑战，并讨论了该技术在病毒研究中的一些替代应用。
