Immunology Unit, Laboratory Service, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Medicina, Sabadell, Spain.
Occupational Health Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain.
J Immunol Res. 2022 Jul 29;2022:8287087. doi: 10.1155/2022/8287087. eCollection 2022.
Immune imprinting or original antigenic sin (OAS) is the process by which the humoral memory response to an antigen can inhibit the response to new epitopes of that antigen originating from a second encounter with the pathogen. Given the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple vaccines have been developed against SARS-CoV-2 infection. These vaccines are directed to the spike protein (S protein) of the original variant of Wuhan D614G. Vaccine memory immune response against S protein in noninfected subjects could inhibit, through the OAS mechanism, the response to new epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 after infection. The present study analyzes whether the memory antibody B cell response generated by mRNA vaccines against S protein can inhibit the primary antibody immune response to other SARS-CoV-2 antigens, such as nucleocapsid protein (N protein). SARS-CoV-2 primary infection in vaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs) produced significantly lower titers of anti-N antibodies than that in nonvaccinated HCWs: 5.7 (IQR 2.3-15.2) versus 12.2 (IQR 4.2-32.0), respectively ( = 0.005). Therefore, spike protein vaccine-induced immune imprinting (original antigenic sin) reduces N protein antibody response.
免疫印迹或原始抗原性错误（OAS）是指针对抗原的体液记忆反应可以抑制该抗原的新表位与病原体的第二次接触所引起的反应的过程。鉴于 COVID-19 大流行的情况，已经针对 SARS-CoV-2 感染开发了多种疫苗。这些疫苗针对武汉 D614G 原始变体的刺突蛋白（S 蛋白）。在未感染的受试者中，针对 S 蛋白的疫苗记忆免疫反应可能会通过 OAS 机制抑制感染后对 SARS-CoV-2 的新表位的反应。本研究分析了针对 S 蛋白的 mRNA 疫苗产生的记忆抗体 B 细胞反应是否可以抑制针对其他 SARS-CoV-2 抗原（如核衣壳蛋白（N 蛋白）的原发性抗体免疫反应。接种疫苗的医护人员（HCWs）的 SARS-CoV-2 原发性感染产生的抗 N 抗体滴度明显低于未接种疫苗的 HCWs：分别为 5.7（IQR 2.3-15.2）和 12.2（IQR 4.2-32.0）（= 0.005）。因此，刺突蛋白疫苗诱导的免疫印迹（原始抗原性错误）降低了 N 蛋白抗体反应。
