Ajmera Kunal M, Goyal Lokesh, Pandit Trupti, Pandit Ramesh
Department of Hospital Medicine, Sentara Northern Virginia Medical Center, Woodbridge, VA, USA.
Department of Hospital Medicine, Christus Spohn Hospital, Corpus Christi Shoreline, Corpus Christi, TX, USA.
IDCases. 2022 Jul 26;29:e01587. doi: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01587. eCollection 2022.
Monkeypox-a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus, an orthopoxviruses family member. Recently monkeypox cases are increasing at an alarming rate in the US and worldwide. Health care professionals should keep a high index of suspicion for the disease in anyone with new onset fever, a vesicular or pustular rash with central umbilication, and lymphadenopathy. Such patients should be isolated at home or the hospital to prevent secondary transmission. The cases are typically self-limited, and most people only need home supportive care. However, as recommended by CDC, immunocompromised patients, pregnant patients, and children younger than eight years should be offered pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis with vaccines. The current outbreak explicitly targets a cohort of homosexual and gay patients. The role of sexual transmission of the virus needs to be explored further. Patients with severe symptoms or respiratory complications can also be treated with antivirals such as tecovirimat (TPOXX) and brincidofovir or with intravenous vaccinia immune globulin (VIGIV).
猴痘——一种由猴痘病毒引起的人畜共患病，猴痘病毒是正痘病毒科的一员。最近，美国及全球范围内猴痘病例正以惊人的速度增加。医疗保健专业人员应对任何出现新发发热、伴有中央脐凹的水疱或脓疱性皮疹以及淋巴结病的患者保持高度的疾病怀疑指数。此类患者应在家中或医院进行隔离，以防止二次传播。这些病例通常为自限性，大多数人仅需居家支持性护理。然而，正如美国疾病控制与预防中心所建议的，免疫功能低下的患者、孕妇以及8岁以下儿童应接种疫苗进行暴露前或暴露后预防。当前的疫情明确针对一群同性恋患者。该病毒性传播的作用需要进一步探究。出现严重症状或呼吸道并发症的患者也可用抗病毒药物进行治疗，如tecovirimat（TPOXX）和brincidofovir，或使用静脉注射痘苗免疫球蛋白（VIGIV）。
