Saha Ujjayani, Gondi Rashmi, Patil Amrita, Saroj Sunil D
Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Knowledge Village, Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India.
Mol Biotechnol. 2023 Jan;65(1):1-16. doi: 10.1007/s12033-022-00543-8. Epub 2022 Aug 8.
The ESKAPE (Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) isolates both from the clinical settings and food products are demonstrated to gain resistance to multiple antimicrobials. Therefore, the ESKAPE pathogens pose a serious threat to public health, which warrants specific attention to developing alternative novel therapeutics. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated (CRISPR-Cas) system is one of the novel methods for managing antibiotic-resistant strains. Specific Cas nucleases can be programmed against bacterial genomic sequences to decrease bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Moreover, a few CRISPR-Cas nucleases have the ability to the sequence-specific killing of bacterial strains. However, some pathogens acquire antibiotic resistance due to the presence of the CRISPR-Cas system. In brief, there is a wide range of functional diversity of CRISPR-Cas systems in bacterial pathogens. Hence, to be an effective and safe infection treatment strategy, a comprehensive understanding of the role of CRISPR-Cas systems in modulating antibiotic resistance in ESKAPE pathogens is essential. The present review summarizes all the mechanisms by which CRISPR confers and prevents antibiotic resistance in ESKAPE. The review also emphasizes the relationship between CRISPR-Cas systems, biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistance in ESKAPE.
临床环境和食品中的ESKAPE（粪肠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和肠杆菌属）分离株已被证明对多种抗菌药物产生耐药性。因此，ESKAPE病原体对公众健康构成严重威胁，这值得特别关注开发替代性新型治疗方法。成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列相关（CRISPR-Cas）系统是管理抗生素耐药菌株的新方法之一。特定的Cas核酸酶可针对细菌基因组序列进行编程，以降低细菌对抗生素的耐药性。此外，一些CRISPR-Cas核酸酶具有对细菌菌株进行序列特异性杀伤的能力。然而，一些病原体由于存在CRISPR-Cas系统而获得抗生素耐药性。简而言之，细菌病原体中的CRISPR-Cas系统具有广泛的功能多样性。因此，要成为一种有效且安全的感染治疗策略，全面了解CRISPR-Cas系统在调节ESKAPE病原体抗生素耐药性中的作用至关重要。本综述总结了CRISPR在ESKAPE中赋予和预防抗生素耐药性的所有机制。该综述还强调了ESKAPE中CRISPR-Cas系统、生物膜形成和抗生素耐药性之间的关系。
