Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China.
Neurol Sci. 2022 Nov;43(11):6225-6231. doi: 10.1007/s10072-022-06316-0. Epub 2022 Aug 11.
Parkinson's disease is the second major neurodegenerative disease with increasing incidence and population in the world year by year. The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease is still not completely clear, and the identification of Parkinson's disease prodromal manifestations and accurate diagnosis is still facing great challenges. This review summarizes the interaction of environmental toxicants, mitochondrial dysfunction, α-synuclein, gut microbiome dysbiosis, neuroinflammation, and other pathophysiological factors in Parkinson's disease. It also discusses the prodromal manifestations of Parkinson's disease, such as olfactory dysfunction, sleep dysfunction and other non-motor symptoms, the current diagnostic challenges, and the application status of emerging neuroimaging technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and single-photon emission tomography (SPECT).
帕金森病是全球第二大发病率和患病人数逐年增加的神经退行性疾病。帕金森病的发病机制尚不完全清楚，帕金森病前驱期表现的识别和准确诊断仍面临巨大挑战。本文综述了环境毒物、线粒体功能障碍、α-突触核蛋白、肠道微生物组失调、神经炎症等病理生理因素在帕金森病中的相互作用，讨论了帕金森病的前驱期表现，如嗅觉功能障碍、睡眠功能障碍等非运动症状，目前的诊断挑战，以及磁共振成像（MRI）、正电子发射断层扫描（PET）、单光子发射断层扫描（SPECT）等新兴神经影像学技术的应用现状。
