Desdiani Desdiani, Sutarto Auditya P
Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa Serang Banten Indonesia.
Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine Bhayangkara Brimob Hospital Cimanggis Depok Indonesia.
Health Sci Rep. 2022 Aug 7;5(5):e725. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.725. eCollection 2022 Sep.
Although extensive research has been conducted on the psychological impact after exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic, very few studies simultaneously investigated the negative and positive impacts on urban and rural residents. This study aims to compare the extent of psychological impact on Indonesian living in urban and rural areas a year after the first case of COVID-19 was reported.
We employed a cross-sectional study design. A total of 428 participants completed a set of web-based questionnaires from February to March 2021, consisting of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Perceived Social-Support (PSS), the mental health-related lifestyle (MHLS), and 6-item negative impacts, and the Jenkins' Sleep Scale (JSS).
Over 40% of the participants reported moderate to severe trauma-related distress; 30%-40% increased stress at work, home, and financial stress, and 50% more social support gained from their family and friends. Although 62.1% of participants paid more attention to their mental health, only 30% engaged in a healthier lifestyle, and 36.7% had sleep problems. No significant differences were found between urban and rural residents on psychological impact, changes in mental health and related lifestyles, and sleep quality. Urban residents perceived more negative impacts, in parallel with increased social support, compared to rural residents. We also found a significant correlation between psychological impact, sleep disturbance, and increased social support. However, there was no significant association between mental health-related lifestyles and other scales.
This is among the first studies that examine the urban-rural disparity on the positive and negative impact of the COVID-19 in the later stage of the pandemic. Our findings offer insights to provide equal effort to mitigate the negative impacts of the COVID-19 crisis as well as promote healthy lifestyle behaviors in both urban and rural residencies.
尽管针对接触新冠疫情后的心理影响已开展了大量研究，但很少有研究同时调查其对城乡居民的消极和积极影响。本研究旨在比较在印度尼西亚报告首例新冠病例一年后，城乡居民所受心理影响的程度。
我们采用了横断面研究设计。2021年2月至3月，共有428名参与者完成了一套基于网络的问卷，问卷包括事件影响量表修订版（IES-R）、感知社会支持量表（PSS）、心理健康相关生活方式量表（MHLS）、6项负面影响量表以及詹金斯睡眠量表（JSS）。
超过40%的参与者报告有中度至重度的创伤相关困扰；30%-40%的参与者在工作、家庭方面压力增加以及面临经济压力，且从家人和朋友那里获得的社会支持增加了50%。尽管62.1%的参与者更加关注自身心理健康，但只有30%的人采取了更健康的生活方式，36.7%的人存在睡眠问题。城乡居民在心理影响、心理健康及相关生活方式的变化以及睡眠质量方面未发现显著差异。与农村居民相比，城市居民感知到更多负面影响，同时社会支持也有所增加。我们还发现心理影响、睡眠障碍与社会支持增加之间存在显著相关性。然而，心理健康相关生活方式与其他量表之间没有显著关联。
这是首批研究新冠疫情后期城乡在新冠疫情正负影响方面差异的研究之一。我们的研究结果为在城乡地区同等努力减轻新冠危机的负面影响以及促进健康生活方式行为提供了见解。
