Atanacio-López Rodrigo, Luna-Rodríguez Mauricio, Soto-Contreras Anell, Rojas-Avelizapa Luz I, Sánchez-Coello Nadia G, Mora-Collado Norma, Núñez-Pastrana Rosalía
Posgrado en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Amatlán de los Reyes, Veracruz, Mexico.
Methods Mol Biol. 2022;2527:203-221. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2485-2_15.
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a process that allows formation of embryos from somatic cells; this biological process has different stages that first require micropropagation and conditioning of explant, and then induction, multiplication, development, and germination of somatic embryos (SoE), to obtain seedlings that will be acclimatized and grown in a greenhouse to further be cultivated in the field. Inorganic compounds are supplemented by macro- and micronutrients that can conform different culture media, and with other compounds such as a carbon source, vitamins, and plant growth regulators (PGRs), will direct the fate of the plant cells to obtain SoE that will regenerate into plants. The concentration of these inorganic compounds must be optimized, since at very high concentrations they can cause toxicity and at low concentrations they may not induce the desired response. The objective of this chapter is to describe the most significant advances in the use of inorganic elements during the different stages of SE, starting with the description of the most used basal media and later describing the use of the main studied mineral elements during establishment of SE.
体细胞胚胎发生（SE）是一个允许从体细胞形成胚胎的过程；这个生物学过程有不同阶段，首先需要外植体的微繁殖和预处理，然后是体细胞胚（SoE）的诱导、增殖、发育和萌发，以获得将在温室中驯化和生长、进而在田间种植的幼苗。无机化合物由大量和微量营养素补充，这些营养素可以构成不同的培养基，并且与其他化合物如碳源、维生素和植物生长调节剂（PGR）一起，将引导植物细胞的命运以获得能够再生为植物的SoE。这些无机化合物的浓度必须优化，因为在非常高的浓度下它们会导致毒性，而在低浓度下它们可能不会诱导出所需的反应。本章的目的是描述在SE的不同阶段使用无机元素方面的最重要进展，首先描述最常用的基础培养基，然后描述在SE建立过程中主要研究的矿质元素的使用情况。
