Ramírez-Mosqueda Marco A
Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Amatlán de los Reyes, Veracruz, Mexico.
Methods Mol Biol. 2022;2527:1-8. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2485-2_1.
Somatic embryogenesis is a natural phenomenon through which somatic embryos are produced from somatic cells although. It is considered the most efficient morphogenic pathways for plant multiplication. One of the key features of somatic embryogenesis is the use of cellular totipotency, where dedifferentiation is induced to foster cell proliferation, followed by the induction of differentiation using plant growth regulators to produce new plants. There is a cell group with the potential to undergo the somatic embryogenesis pathway through adequate stimulation (plant growth regulators, incubation conditions, and supplementation of the culture medium). There are two somatic embryogenesis pathways in plants: direct and indirect embryogenesis. Direct somatic embryogenesis consists of the formation of embryos directly from isolated cells, without the formation of "callous" tissue. Indirect somatic embryogenesis is characterized by the formation of a callus as a stage that precedes the formation of somatic embryos. It should be stressed that not all plant cells have this morphogenic capacity; consequently, determining the type of factors that drive this type of response has been challenging. This book provides the reader with updated available information on the techniques, relevant protocols, and tools to perform somatic embryogenesis in different plant species for economic purposes.
体细胞胚胎发生是一种自然现象，通过该现象体细胞可从体细胞产生，尽管它被认为是植物繁殖最有效的形态发生途径。体细胞胚胎发生的关键特征之一是利用细胞全能性，即诱导去分化以促进细胞增殖，随后使用植物生长调节剂诱导分化以产生新植物。存在一组细胞，通过适当的刺激（植物生长调节剂、培养条件和培养基补充）有潜力经历体细胞胚胎发生途径。植物中有两种体细胞胚胎发生途径：直接胚胎发生和间接胚胎发生。直接体细胞胚胎发生包括直接从分离的细胞形成胚胎，而不形成“愈伤组织”。间接体细胞胚胎发生的特征是形成愈伤组织作为体细胞胚胎形成之前的一个阶段。应该强调的是，并非所有植物细胞都具有这种形态发生能力；因此，确定驱动这种反应类型的因素一直具有挑战性。本书为读者提供了关于在不同植物物种中进行体细胞胚胎发生以实现经济目的的技术、相关方案和工具的最新可用信息。
