Phytohormone-related transcription factors (TFs) are involved in regulating stress responses and plant growth. However, systematic analysis of these in Brassicaceae is limited, and their functions in stress adaptation and plant height (PH) regulation remain unclear. In this study, 2115 hormone-related were identified in nine Brassicaceae species. Specific domains were found in several Brassicaceae hormone-related TFs, which may be associated with diverse functions. Syntenic analysis indicated that expansion of these genes was mainly caused by segmental duplication, with whole-genome duplication occurring in some species. Differential expression analysis and gene co-expression network analysis identified seven phytohormone-related (, , , , , , and ) as possible key genes for cadmium (Cd) toxicity, salinity stress, and potassium (K) and nitrogen (N) deficiencies. Furthermore, and may play essential roles in plant height. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified 15 phytohormone-related and their potential target genes regulating stress adaptation and plant height. Among the above genes, and responded to four different stresses simultaneously, and was identified in two dwarf rapeseeds. In summary, several candidate genes for stress resistance ( and ) and plant height () were identified. These findings should help elucidate the biological roles of Brassicaceae hormone-related , and the identified candidate genes should provide a genetic resource for the potential development of stress-tolerant and dwarf oilseed plants.