Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey.
Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Molecules. 2022 Aug 6;27(15):5011. doi: 10.3390/molecules27155011.
The bioactive content, antioxidant properties, and enzyme inhibition properties of extracts of from Turkey prepared with different solvents (water, methanol, ethyl acetate) and extraction methods (maceration, soxhlet, homogenizer assisted extraction, and ultrasound assisted extraction) were examined in this study. UHPLC-HRMS analysis detected or annotated a total of 50 compounds in extracts, including 18 hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, 7 Hexaric acids, 7 Coumarins, 15 Flavonoids, and 3 hydroxycinnamic acid amides. The extracts had phenolic and flavonoid levels ranging from 14.25 to 24.87 mg GAE/g and 1.68 to 25.26 mg RE/g, respectively, in the analysis. Both DPPH and ABTS tests revealed radical scavenging capabilities (between 2.63 and 35.33 mg TE/g and between 13.46 and 76.27 mg TE/g, respectively). The extracts had reducing properties (CUPRAC: 40.38-78 TE/g and FRAP: 17.51-42.58 TE/g). The extracts showed metal chelating activity (18.28-46.71 mg EDTAE/g) as well as total antioxidant capacity (phosphomolybdenum test) (0.90-2.12 mmol TE/g). DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and metal chelating tests indicated the water extracts to be the best antioxidants, while the ethyl acetate extracts had the highest overall antioxidant capacity regardless of the extraction technique. Furthermore, anti-acetylcholinesterase activity was identified in all extracts (0.17-2.80 mg GALAE/g). The water extracts and the ultrasound-assisted ethyl acetate extract were inert against butyrylcholinesterase, but the other extracts showed anti-butyrylcholinesterase activity (1.17-5.80 mg GALAE/g). Tyrosine inhibitory action was identified in all extracts (1.79-58.93 mg KAE/g), with the most effective methanolic extracts. Only the ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts produced by maceration and homogenizer aided extraction showed glucosidase inhibition (0.11-1.11 mmol ACAE/g). These findings showed the overall bioactivity of the different extracts of and provided an overview of the combination of solvent type and extraction method that could yield bioactive profile and pharmacological properties of interest and hence, could be a useful reference for future studies on this species.
本研究考察了用不同溶剂（水、甲醇、乙酸乙酯）和提取方法（浸渍、索氏提取、匀浆辅助提取和超声辅助提取）从土耳其独活中制备的提取物的生物活性成分、抗氧化性能和酶抑制性能。UHPLC-HRMS 分析在独活提取物中总共检测到或注释了 50 种化合物，包括 18 种羟基苯甲酸和羟基肉桂酸、7 种己酸、7 种香豆素、15 种类黄酮和 3 种羟基肉桂酰胺。分析表明，提取物中的酚类和类黄酮含量分别在 14.25 至 24.87 mg GAE/g 和 1.68 至 25.26 mg RE/g 之间。DPPH 和 ABTS 试验均显示出自由基清除能力（分别为 2.63 至 35.33 mg TE/g 和 13.46 至 76.27 mg TE/g）。提取物具有还原能力（CUPRAC：40.38-78 TE/g 和 FRAP：17.51-42.58 TE/g）。提取物表现出金属螯合活性（18.28-46.71 mg EDTAE/g）和总抗氧化能力（磷钼酸盐试验）（0.90-2.12 mmol TE/g）。DPPH、ABTS、FRAP 和金属螯合试验表明，水提取物是最好的抗氧化剂，而无论采用何种提取技术，乙酸乙酯提取物均具有最高的总抗氧化能力。此外，所有提取物均具有抗乙酰胆碱酯酶活性（0.17-2.80 mg GALAE/g）。水提取物和超声辅助乙酸乙酯提取物对丁酰胆碱酯酶无抑制作用，但其他提取物对丁酰胆碱酯酶表现出抑制作用（1.17-5.80 mg GALAE/g）。所有提取物均具有酪氨酸抑制作用（1.79-58.93 mg KAE/g），其中甲醇提取物效果最佳。只有浸渍和匀浆辅助提取得到的乙酸乙酯和甲醇提取物具有葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用（0.11-1.11 mmol ACAE/g）。这些发现表明了独活不同提取物的整体生物活性，并概述了溶剂类型和提取方法的组合，可以产生具有生物活性特征和药理学特性的提取物，因此可为该物种的未来研究提供有用的参考。
