Essential Oils Composition and Biological Activity of and Grown Wild in Sudan.

Generally, there are scant data about the constituents and eventually the biological activity of essential oils (EOs) from aromatic plants that grow naturally in Sudan. The present study aimed to determine the chemical composition, and antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of EO extracted from the fruit of (Siebold and Zucc.) Endl. (family Cupressaceae), root of (Benth.) Veldkampis (family Poaceae) and aerial part of Poir (family Lamiaceae). The fruit of contained only monoterpenes, mainly hydrogenated ones, with α-pinene (69.07%) as the major component. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes comprised the highest content of the root EO with cedr-8-en-15-ol (28.69%) as the major constituent while aerial parts of contained both monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes and the oxygenated monoterpene lavandulol (26.56%) as dominant compounds. The EO of the root of significantly displayed ( < 0.05) the highest anti-DPPH radical, Fe- and Cu-reducing and metal-chelating activities, while that of fruit significantly exerted ( < 0.05) the best anti-ABTS radical and total antioxidant activity. The two EOs significantly exhibited ( < 0.05) the highest anti-acetylcholinesterase and -butyrylcholinesterase activities, respectively, while EO of was the only oil to show a considerable inhibitory effect against the tyrosinase and α-glucosidase enzymes. In conclusion, EOs from these three plants could be natural agents with promising functional properties for food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical applications.