Gong Mingjun, Sun Min, Sun Yaqi, Jin Lijuan, Li Shen
Sports Training College, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
Mental Health Institute, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
Nat Sci Sleep. 2024 Jul 9;16:935-948. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S467531. eCollection 2024.
Using meta-analysis to comprehensively and quantitatively evaluate the impact of acute sleep deprivation on different sports performance of athletes, this study aims to provide scientific guidance for coaches in optimizing and adjusting training and competition arrangements.
Establishing literature inclusion and exclusion criteria, we conducted searches in both Chinese and English databases. Using stata 14.0, we analyzed 75 indicators from 27 included literature, focusing on three aspects: the impact of acute sleep deprivation on overall athletic performance, the impact on sporting performance across various athletic abilities, and the disparities in athletic performance between morning and afternoon following acute sleep deprivation.
The effect size of acute sleep deprivation on overall athletic performance was -0.56 (<0.05). Sub-analyses revealed effect sizes of -0.23 (<0.05) for whole night sleep deprivation, -1.17 (<0.05) for partial sleep deprivation at the end of the night, and -0.25 (>0.05) for partial sleep deprivation in the beginning of the night. The effect sizes of acute sleep deprivation on high intensity intermittent exercise, skill control, speed, aerobic endurance, and explosive power indicators were -1.57, -1.06, -0.67, -0.54, and -0.39 respectively (<0.05). The effect sizes of acute sleep deprivation on the overall athletic performance in the morning and afternoon were -0.30, and -1.11, respectively (<0.05).
Acute sleep deprivation significantly impairs the overall athletic performance of athletes, with a more pronounced negative impact observed with partial sleep deprivation at the end of the night. Various types of exercise performance are adversely affected by acute sleep deprivation, with magnitude of impact ranking high intensity intermittent, skill control, speed, aerobic endurance, and explosive power. Following acute sleep deprivation, athletes' overall sporting performance in the afternoon is inferior to that in the morning.
本研究采用荟萃分析全面定量评估急性睡眠剥夺对运动员不同运动表现的影响，旨在为教练优化和调整训练及比赛安排提供科学指导。
制定文献纳入和排除标准，在中国和英文数据库中进行检索。使用Stata 14.0对27篇纳入文献中的75项指标进行分析，重点关注三个方面：急性睡眠剥夺对整体运动表现的影响、对不同运动能力运动表现的影响以及急性睡眠剥夺后上午和下午运动表现的差异。
急性睡眠剥夺对整体运动表现的效应量为-0.56（<0.05）。亚分析显示，整夜睡眠剥夺的效应量为-0.23（<0.05），夜间末期部分睡眠剥夺的效应量为-1.17（<0.05），夜间初期部分睡眠剥夺的效应量为-0.25（>0.05）。急性睡眠剥夺对高强度间歇运动、技能控制、速度、有氧耐力和爆发力指标的效应量分别为-1.57、-1.06、-0.67、-0.54和-0.39（<0.05）。急性睡眠剥夺对上午和下午整体运动表现的效应量分别为-0.30和-1.11（<0.05）。
急性睡眠剥夺显著损害运动员的整体运动表现，夜间末期部分睡眠剥夺的负面影响更为明显。急性睡眠剥夺对各类运动表现均有不利影响，影响程度依次为高强度间歇运动、技能控制、速度、有氧耐力和爆发力。急性睡眠剥夺后，运动员下午的整体运动表现低于上午。
