The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, #1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuling Central Hospital of Chongqing City, Chongqing, 408008, China.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2022 Nov 15;216:114626. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114626. Epub 2022 Aug 10.
Organ-on-a-chip (OOC, organ chip) technology can closely simulate the human microenvironment, synthesize organ-like functional units on a fluidic chip substrate, and simulate the physiology of tissues and organs. It will become an increasingly important platform for in vitro drug development and screening. Most importantly, organ-on-a-chip technology, incorporating 3D cell cultures, overcomes the traditional drawbacks of 2D (flat) cell-culture technology in vitro and in vivo animal trials, neither of which generate completely reliable results when it comes to the actual human subject. It is expected that organ chips will allow huge reductions in the incidence of failure in late-stage human trials, thus slashing the cost of drug development and speeding up the introduction of drugs that are effective. There have been three key enabling technologies that have made organ chip technology possible: 3D bioprinting, fluidic chips, and 3D cell culture, of which the last has allowed cells to be cultivated under more physiologically realistic growth conditions than 2D culture. The fusion of these advanced technologies and the addition of new research methods and algorithms has enabled the construction of chip types with different structures and different uses, providing a wide range of controllable microenvironments, both for research at the cellular level and for more reliable analysis of the action of drugs on the human body. This paper summarizes some research progress of organ-on-a-chip in recent years, outlines the key technologies used and the achievements in drug screening, and makes some suggestions concerning the current challenges and future development of organ-on-a-chip technology.
器官芯片（OOC，器官芯片）技术可以紧密模拟人体微环境，在流体芯片基底上合成类似器官的功能单元，并模拟组织和器官的生理学。它将成为体外药物开发和筛选的一个越来越重要的平台。最重要的是，器官芯片技术结合了 3D 细胞培养，克服了传统 2D（平面）细胞培养技术在体外和体内动物试验中的缺点，这两者在涉及实际人体受试者时都无法产生完全可靠的结果。预计器官芯片将大大降低晚期人体试验失败的发生率，从而降低药物开发成本，加快有效药物的推出。有三种关键的使能技术使器官芯片技术成为可能：3D 生物打印、流体芯片和 3D 细胞培养，其中最后一种技术使细胞能够在比 2D 培养更接近生理现实的生长条件下培养。这些先进技术的融合，加上新的研究方法和算法的加入，使得构建具有不同结构和不同用途的芯片类型成为可能，为细胞水平的研究以及更可靠地分析药物对人体的作用提供了广泛的可控微环境。本文总结了近年来器官芯片的一些研究进展，概述了所使用的关键技术和在药物筛选方面的成就，并就器官芯片技术目前的挑战和未来发展提出了一些建议。
