Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
J Glob Health. 2022 Aug 17;12:11010. doi: 10.7189/jogh.12.11010.
The effects of meteorological factors and air pollutants on respiratory diseases (RDs) were various in different populations according to the demographic characteristics, and children were considered a vulnerable population. Previous studies were mainly based in cities with serious air pollution. This study aimed to qualify the lag effects of meteorological factors and air pollution on respiratory diseases among children under 18 years old in Fuzhou.
Meteorological data, air pollutants concentrations and hospital admission data of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital between 2015 and 2019 were collected. A Distributed Lag Nonlinear Model (DLNM) was used to evaluate the nonlinear and lagged effect of meteorological factors and air pollutants on daily RDs number. A subgroup analysis was also conducted to evaluate the effect on different sex groups and age groups.
A total number of 796 125 RDs visits was included during the study period. For meteorological factors, lower mean temperature and relative humidity were significantly associated with daily RDs number (peak relative risk (RR) = 1.032 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.011-1.053) and 1.021 (95% CI = 1.013-1.029)), while lower wind speed showed a significant association at low range (peak RR = 0.995 (95% CI = 0.992-0.999)). Temperature warming was a significant protective factor for RDs (peak RR = 0.989 (95% CI = 0.986-0.993)). For air pollutants, SO, NO, PM and PM were all significantly associated with RDs (peak RR = 1.028 (95% CI = 1.022-1.035), 1.024 (95% CI = 1.013-1.034), 1.036 (95% CI = 1.025-1.047), 1.028 (95% CI = 1.019-1.037)), and the relationship had no threshold. The estimated RR and peak lag day did not change extremely between subgroups.
The findings provide statistical evidence for the prevention of child RDs. In addition, our findings suggested that even at low concentrations, air pollutants still have negative effects on the respiratory system.
气象因素和空气污染物对呼吸系统疾病（RDs）的影响因人群的人口统计学特征而异，儿童被认为是易受影响的人群。以前的研究主要集中在空气污染严重的城市。本研究旨在确定气象因素和空气污染物对福州 18 岁以下儿童呼吸系统疾病的滞后影响。
收集了 2015 年至 2019 年期间福建省妇幼保健院的气象数据、空气污染物浓度和住院数据。使用分布滞后非线性模型（DLNM）评估气象因素和空气污染物对每日 RDs 数量的非线性和滞后影响。还进行了亚组分析，以评估不同性别组和年龄组的影响。
研究期间共纳入了 796125 例 RDs 就诊。对于气象因素，较低的平均温度和相对湿度与每日 RDs 数量显著相关（峰值相对风险（RR）分别为 1.032（95%置信区间（CI）为 1.011-1.053）和 1.021（95% CI 为 1.013-1.029）），而较低的风速在低范围显示出显著的关联（峰值 RR 为 0.995（95% CI 为 0.992-0.999））。气温升高是 RDs 的显著保护因素（峰值 RR 为 0.989（95% CI 为 0.986-0.993））。对于空气污染物，SO、NO、PM 和 PM 均与 RDs 显著相关（峰值 RR 分别为 1.028（95% CI 为 1.022-1.035）、1.024（95% CI 为 1.013-1.034）、1.036（95% CI 为 1.025-1.047）、1.028（95% CI 为 1.019-1.037）），且关系无阈值。亚组间估计的 RR 和峰值滞后天数变化不大。
这些发现为预防儿童 RDs 提供了统计证据。此外，我们的研究结果表明，即使在低浓度下，空气污染物仍然对呼吸系统有负面影响。
