Gunnarsson Björn, Entezarjou Artin, Fernández-Aranda Fernando, Jiménez-Murcia Susana, Kenttä Göran, Håkansson Anders
Helsingborg University Hospital, Region Skåne, Helsingborg, Sweden.
Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Front Sports Act Living. 2022 Aug 1;4:903777. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2022.903777. eCollection 2022.
The purpose of this paper was to explore maladaptive behaviors among physically active individuals, including exercise dependence and use of anabolic steroids. Both exercise addiction (EA) and use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) correlate to high amounts of exercise and EA have been linked to eating disorders and other mental health problems.
An internet survey was spread through fitness-related social media. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 15 years and exercise frequency ≥ thrice weekly. Exercise addiction inventory identified those at-risk of EA (rEA). Characteristics of rEA were compared to those not at risk. In a separate analysis, AAS users were compared to AAS-naïve individuals.
In total, 3,029 participants completed the questionnaire. Of these, 11% screened positive for being rEA, and 23% for ED. Factors associated with EA included daily exercise, social phobia, eating disorders and OCD. Risk consumption of alcohol was a negative predictor. Thirty seven participants had taken AAS the last year. These were mainly men, bodybuilders/powerlifters and more often used amphetamines and opioids.
This exploratory study supports EA being strongly associated with eating disorders. Identified associations between EA and compulsive or anxiety disorders warrant further research to clarify if these associations arise prior to, together with, or secondary to EA.
本文旨在探究体育锻炼人群中的适应不良行为，包括运动依赖和合成代谢类固醇的使用。运动成瘾（EA）和合成代谢雄激素类固醇（AAS）的使用均与大量运动相关，且运动成瘾与饮食失调及其他心理健康问题有关。
通过与健身相关的社交媒体开展一项网络调查。纳入标准为年龄≥15岁且每周锻炼频率≥三次。运动成瘾量表用于识别有运动成瘾风险（rEA）的人群。将有运动成瘾风险人群的特征与无风险人群进行比较。在另一项分析中，将使用AAS的人群与未使用AAS的人群进行比较。
共有3029名参与者完成了问卷。其中，11%的人筛查显示有运动成瘾风险呈阳性，23%的人筛查显示有饮食失调呈阳性。与运动成瘾相关的因素包括每日锻炼、社交恐惧症、饮食失调和强迫症。酒精的高风险消费是一个负向预测因素。去年有37名参与者使用过AAS。这些人主要是男性、健美运动员/力量举运动员，且更常使用安非他明和阿片类药物。
这项探索性研究支持运动成瘾与饮食失调密切相关。运动成瘾与强迫或焦虑症之间已确定的关联值得进一步研究，以明确这些关联是在运动成瘾之前、与运动成瘾同时出现还是运动成瘾之后出现。
