VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2022 Sep;41(3):697-717. doi: 10.1007/s10555-022-10061-3. Epub 2022 Aug 19.
Obesity and the associated metabolic syndrome is considered a pandemic whose prevalence is steadily increasing in many countries worldwide. It is a complex, dynamic, and multifactorial disorder that presages the development of several metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases, and increases the risk of cancer. In patients with newly diagnosed cancer, obesity worsens prognosis, increasing the risk of recurrence and decreasing survival. The multiple negative effects of obesity on cancer outcomes are substantial, and of great clinical importance. Strategies for weight control have potential utility for both prevention efforts and enhancing cancer outcomes. Presently, time-restricted eating (TRE) is a popular dietary intervention that involves limiting the consumption of calories to a specific window of time without any proscribed caloric restriction or alteration in dietary composition. As such, TRE is a sustainable long-term behavioral modification, when compared to other dietary interventions, and has shown many health benefits in animals and humans. The preliminary data regarding the effects of time-restricted feeding on cancer development and growth in animal models are promising but studies in humans are lacking. Interestingly, several short-term randomized clinical trials of TRE have shown favorable effects to reduce cancer risk factors; however, long-term trials of TRE have yet to investigate reductions in cancer incidence or outcomes in the general population. Few studies have been conducted in cancer populations, but a number are underway to examine the effect of TRE on cancer biology and recurrence. Given the simplicity, feasibility, and favorable metabolic improvements elicited by TRE in obese men and women, TRE may be useful in obese cancer patients and cancer survivors; however, the clinical implementation of TRE in the cancer setting will require greater in-depth investigation.
肥胖症及其相关的代谢综合征被认为是一种全球性的流行疾病，其发病率在世界范围内许多国家都在稳步上升。它是一种复杂的、动态的、多因素的疾病，预示着多种代谢性、心血管性和神经退行性疾病的发生，并增加了癌症的风险。在新诊断出癌症的患者中，肥胖会使预后恶化，增加复发风险，降低生存率。肥胖对癌症结果的多种负面影响是实质性的，具有重要的临床意义。控制体重的策略对于预防和改善癌症结果都具有潜在的应用价值。目前，限时进食（TRE）是一种流行的饮食干预方法，它涉及将卡路里的摄入量限制在特定的时间窗口内，而不限制热量或改变饮食成分。因此，与其他饮食干预相比，TRE 是一种可持续的长期行为改变，并且在动物和人类中显示出许多健康益处。关于限时喂养对动物模型中癌症发展和生长的影响的初步数据是有希望的，但在人类中缺乏研究。有趣的是，几项 TRE 的短期随机临床试验表明，它对降低癌症风险因素有有利影响；然而，长期的 TRE 试验尚未调查在一般人群中是否能降低癌症发病率或结果。在癌症人群中进行的研究很少，但有许多正在进行的研究旨在检查 TRE 对癌症生物学和复发的影响。鉴于 TRE 在肥胖男性和女性中所引起的简单、可行和良好的代谢改善，TRE 可能对肥胖的癌症患者和癌症幸存者有用；然而，在癌症环境中实施 TRE 需要更深入的调查。
