Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2022 Oct 10;377(1861):20210243. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0243. Epub 2022 Aug 22.
The human microbiome harbours a large capacity for within-person adaptive mutations. Commensal bacterial strains can stably colonize a person for decades, and billions of mutations are generated daily within each person's microbiome. Adaptive mutations emerging during health might be driven by selective forces that vary across individuals, vary within an individual, or are completely novel to the human population. Mutations emerging within individual microbiomes might impact the immune system, the metabolism of nutrients or drugs, and the stability of the community to perturbations. Despite this potential, relatively little attention has been paid to the possibility of adaptive evolution within complex human-associated microbiomes. This review discusses the promise of studying within-microbiome adaptation, the conceptual and technical limitations that may have contributed to an underappreciation of adaptive mutations occurring within microbiomes to date, and methods for detecting recent adaptive evolution. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Genomic population structures of microbial pathogens'.
人类微生物组蕴藏着很大的个体内适应性突变能力。共生菌可以在人体内稳定定植数十年，并且每个人的微生物组每天都会产生数十亿个突变。在健康期间出现的适应性突变可能是由个体间、个体内或对人类群体完全新颖的选择压力驱动的。在个体微生物组中出现的突变可能会影响免疫系统、营养物质或药物的代谢以及群落对干扰的稳定性。尽管存在这种可能性，但人们对复杂的与人类相关的微生物组内适应性进化的可能性关注较少。这篇综述讨论了研究微生物组内适应性的前景，以及可能导致迄今为止对微生物组内适应性突变认识不足的概念和技术限制，以及检测近期适应性进化的方法。本文是“微生物病原体的基因组群体结构”讨论会议议题的一部分。
