Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstraße 123b, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Sports Med. 2022 Dec;52(12):2965-2999. doi: 10.1007/s40279-022-01738-4. Epub 2022 Aug 22.
The holistic concept of physical literacy assumes that individuals require adequate cognitive (knowledge and understanding), affective (motivation and confidence), and physical (physical competence) qualities to engage in lifelong physical activity behavior. In recent years, the research field has undergone rapid development and has also yielded an increasing number of interventions that aim to translate the theoretical-philosophical ideas into practical endeavors.
The goal of the present pre-registered systematic review was to (a) provide a general overview of evaluation studies on physical literacy interventions and (b) to quantitatively examine the effectiveness of physical literacy interventions.
Drawing on the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched a total of 18 databases for physical literacy interventions. Inclusion criteria were English language, publication by November 2021, and interventions using physical literacy as a theoretical underpinning or evaluation outcome. Articles that met these criteria were analyzed with respect to their basic delivery characteristics, study quality, evaluation approach, and main findings. We additionally ran meta-analyses with all non-randomized and randomized controlled trials to examine and compare the effect of these interventions on five outcome categories: (i) physical competence, (ii) motivation and confidence, (iii) knowledge and understanding, (iv) physical activity behavior, and (v) total physical literacy. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the effects on the different categories.
The screening process with two independent raters yielded 48 eligible interventions reported in 51 eligible articles. Quantitative evaluations most frequently addressed physical competence (72.2%), followed by motivation and confidence (47.2%), physical activity behavior (41.7%), and knowledge and understanding (33.3%). The controlled intervention studies (n = 24) exerted significant effects on all five physical literacy categories. Despite meaningful heterogeneity across the subgroups, the strongest effects were found for physical competence (SMD 0.90; 95% CI 0.55-1.25), followed by physical literacy aggregate scores (SMD 0.61; 95% CI 0.20-1.01), knowledge and understanding (SMD 0.54; 95% CI 0.30-0.79), physical activity behavior (SMD 0.39; 95% CI 0.23-0.55), and motivation and confidence (SMD 0.30; 95% CI 0.17-0.44).
The present study empirically demonstrated the effectiveness of physical literacy interventions on several outcomes relevant for promoting physical activity and health. To better inform current practices, future studies are advised to identify those program characteristics that significantly influence the effectiveness of physical literacy interventions.
PROSPERO CRD42020188926.
身体素养的整体概念假定，个人需要足够的认知（知识和理解）、情感（动机和信心）和身体（身体能力）素质，才能参与终身的身体活动行为。近年来，研究领域发展迅速，也产生了越来越多的干预措施，旨在将理论哲学思想转化为实践努力。
本预先注册的系统评价旨在(a) 提供身体素养干预评估研究的概述，以及(b) 定量检查身体素养干预的效果。
根据 2020 年系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目 (PRISMA) 指南，我们总共搜索了 18 个数据库，以寻找身体素养干预措施。纳入标准为英语、2021 年 11 月前发表以及使用身体素养作为理论基础或评估结果的干预措施。符合这些标准的文章将根据其基本传递特征、研究质量、评估方法和主要发现进行分析。我们还对所有非随机对照试验和随机对照试验进行了荟萃分析，以检查和比较这些干预措施对五个结果类别（(i) 身体能力、(ii) 动机和信心、(iii) 知识和理解、(iv) 身体活动行为和 (v) 身体素养总和）的影响。使用 95%置信区间 (CI) 的标准化均数差异 (SMD) 来评估不同类别对干预措施的影响。
两名独立评估者的筛选过程产生了 48 项符合条件的干预措施，这些干预措施在 51 篇符合条件的文章中进行了报道。定量评估最常涉及身体能力（72.2%），其次是动机和信心（47.2%）、身体活动行为（41.7%）和知识与理解（33.3%）。对照干预研究（n=24）对所有五个身体素养类别均产生了显著影响。尽管各亚组之间存在明显的异质性，但最强的影响是身体能力（SMD 0.90；95%CI 0.55-1.25），其次是身体素养综合评分（SMD 0.61；95%CI 0.20-1.01）、知识和理解（SMD 0.54；95%CI 0.30-0.79）、身体活动行为（SMD 0.39；95%CI 0.23-0.55）和动机和信心（SMD 0.30；95%CI 0.17-0.44）。
本研究从实证上证明了身体素养干预对促进身体活动和健康的几个相关结果的有效性。为了更好地为当前实践提供信息，建议未来的研究确定那些显著影响身体素养干预效果的项目特征。
PROSPERO CRD42020188926。
