Faculty of Life & Health Sciences, Ulster University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2022 Aug 22;17(8):e0267710. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267710. eCollection 2022.
To establish the prevalence of prescriptions dispensed in early pregnancy by maternal age and area deprivation, for women who gave birth in Northern Ireland (NI) 2011-2016.
Population-based linked cohort study.
The NI Maternity System (NIMATS) database was used to identify all births to resident mothers in NI between 2011 and 2016. Prescriptions dispensed between the last menstrual period (LMP) and the first antenatal care visit (mean 10.7 weeks) (2010-2016) were extracted from the Enhanced Prescribing Database (EPD) which records all prescriptions dispensed by pharmacists in NI. EPD data were linked to NIMATS using the mother's Health and Care Number. Maternal deprivation based on the NI Multiple Deprivation Measure 2017 was linked using the mother's postcode.
The cohort included 139,687 pregnancies resulting in live or stillbirths to 106,206 women. A medication was dispensed in 63.5% of pregnancies, and in 48.7% of pregnancies excluding supplements (vitamins, iron, and folic acid). Folic acid was the most commonly dispensed medication (33.1%). Excluding supplements, the mean number of medications was 1.1, with 4.2% having ≥5 medications. The most common non-supplement medications were antibiotics (13.1%), antiemetics (8.7%), analgesics (6.9%), hormonal medications (6.9%) and antidepressants (6.1%). Younger women (<20 years) had more antibiotics while older women (40+ years) had more antidepressants, cardiovascular, antihypertensives, anticoagulant medications and thyroxine. The proportion of women living in the most deprived areas with prescriptions for antidepressants, sedatives, tranquilisers, analgesics, and anti-epileptic medications was double the proportion of women with these medications in the least deprived areas.
Half of all pregnant women in NI were dispensed a non-supplement medication between LMP and the first antenatal care visit. Younger and older mothers and those living in the most deprived areas were more likely to have medications dispensed. More antidepressants were dispensed in areas of social deprivation.
确定 2011 年至 2016 年期间在北爱尔兰（NI）分娩的妇女按年龄和地区贫困程度分配的早孕处方的流行率。
基于人群的队列研究。
使用 NI 产妇系统（NIMATS）数据库识别 2011 年至 2016 年期间居住在 NI 的所有产妇的分娩情况。从增强型处方数据库（EPD）中提取了 LMP 与第一次产前保健就诊期间（平均 10.7 周）开出的处方（2010-2016 年），EPD 记录了 NI 药剂师开出的所有处方。使用母亲的健康和护理号码将 EPD 数据与 NIMATS 相关联。使用母亲的邮政编码将基于 2017 年 NI 多重剥夺措施的母亲的贫困情况相关联。
该队列包括 139687 名怀孕并分娩活产或死产的妇女，其中 63.5%的孕妇开了药物，48.7%的孕妇除了补充剂（维生素、铁和叶酸）外开了药物。叶酸是最常用的药物（33.1%）。不包括补充剂，平均用药数量为 1.1 种，4.2%的孕妇使用了≥5 种药物。最常见的非补充剂药物是抗生素（13.1%）、止吐药（8.7%）、镇痛药（6.9%）、激素类药物（6.9%）和抗抑郁药（6.1%）。年轻女性（<20 岁）开的抗生素更多，而年龄较大的女性（40 岁以上）开的抗抑郁药、心血管药物、降压药、抗凝药物和甲状腺素更多。生活在最贫困地区的妇女开抗抑郁药、镇静剂、安定药、镇痛药和抗癫痫药的比例是生活在最不贫困地区的妇女的两倍。
北爱尔兰一半的孕妇在 LMP 与第一次产前保健就诊期间开出了非补充剂药物。年轻和年长的母亲以及生活在最贫困地区的母亲更有可能开出药物。社会贫困地区开出的抗抑郁药更多。
