Comparison of pharmacokinetic parameters determined by four different methods.

Pharmacokinetic evaluation was performed using RESID, NONLIN84, KINPAK and AUC-RPP programs for a crossover hydromorphone study involving I.V., P.O. and rectal administration in humans. It was observed that when the curve fitting was difficult by using compartment model dependent methods, pharmacokinetic parameters could still be estimated by compartment model independent analysis.