Farris Patricia K, Valacchi Giuseppe
Department of Dermatology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Jul 29;11(8):1484. doi: 10.3390/antiox11081484.
Our current understanding of the pathogenesis of skin aging includes the role of ultraviolet light, visible light, infrared, pollution, cigarette smoke and other environmental exposures. The mechanism of action common to these exposures is the disruption of the cellular redox balance by the directly or indirectly increased formation of reactive oxygen species that overwhelm the intrinsic antioxidant defense system, resulting in an oxidative stress condition. Altered redox homeostasis triggers downstream pathways that contribute to tissue oxinflammation (cross-talk between inflammation and altered redox status) and accelerate skin aging. In addition, both ultraviolet light and pollution increase intracellular free iron that catalyzes reactive oxygen species generation via the Fenton reaction. This disruption of iron homeostasis within the cell further promotes oxidative stress and contributes to extrinsic skin aging. More recent studies have demonstrated that iron chelators can be used topically and can enhance the benefits of topically applied antioxidants. Thus, an updated, more comprehensive approach to environmental or atmospheric aging protection should include sun protective measures, broad spectrum sunscreens, antioxidants, chelating agents, and DNA repair enzymes.
我们目前对皮肤衰老发病机制的理解包括紫外线、可见光、红外线、污染、香烟烟雾及其他环境暴露因素所起的作用。这些暴露因素共同的作用机制是，通过直接或间接增加活性氧的生成来破坏细胞氧化还原平衡，使内源性抗氧化防御系统不堪重负，从而导致氧化应激状态。氧化还原稳态的改变会触发下游通路，这些通路会导致组织氧化炎症（炎症与氧化还原状态改变之间的相互作用）并加速皮肤衰老。此外，紫外线和污染都会增加细胞内游离铁，游离铁通过芬顿反应催化活性氧的生成。细胞内铁稳态的这种破坏进一步促进氧化应激，并导致皮肤外源性衰老。最近的研究表明，铁螯合剂可局部使用，并且可以增强局部应用抗氧化剂的功效。因此，一种更新的、更全面的环境或大气衰老防护方法应包括防晒措施、广谱防晒霜、抗氧化剂、螯合剂和DNA修复酶。
