Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy.
Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "San Paolo" Hospital, 70123 Bari, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Aug 15;23(16):9136. doi: 10.3390/ijms23169136.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is acknowledged that vulnerable people can suffer from mortal complications of COVID-19. Therefore, strengthening the immune system particularly in the most fragile people could help to protect them from infection. First, general nutritional status and food consumption patterns of everyone affect the effectiveness of each immune system. The effects of nutrition could impact the level of intestinal and genital microbiota, the adaptive immune system, and the innate immune system. Indeed, immune system cells and mediators, which are crucial to inflammatory reaction, are in the structures of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins and are activated through vitamins (vit) and minerals. Therefore, the association of malnutrition and infection could damage the immune response, reducing the immune cells and amplifying inflammatory mediators. Both amount and type of dietary fat impact on cytokine biology, that consequently assumes a crucial role in inflammatory disease. This review explores the power of nutrition in the immune response against COVID-19 infection, since a specific diet could modify the cytokine storm during the infection phase. This can be of vital importance in the most vulnerable subjects such as pregnant women or cancer patients to whom we have deemed it necessary to dedicate personalized indications.
新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2 型（SARS-CoV-2）引起的呼吸道疾病。人们认识到，易感染人群可能会出现 COVID-19 的致命并发症。因此，增强免疫系统，特别是对最脆弱的人群，有助于保护他们免受感染。首先，每个人的一般营养状况和食物消费模式都会影响每个免疫系统的有效性。营养的影响可能会影响肠道和生殖器微生物群、适应性免疫系统和固有免疫系统的水平。事实上，对炎症反应至关重要的免疫系统细胞和介质存在于脂肪、碳水化合物和蛋白质结构中，并通过维生素（vit）和矿物质激活。因此，营养不良和感染的联合作用可能会损害免疫反应，减少免疫细胞并放大炎症介质。膳食脂肪的数量和类型都会影响细胞因子生物学，从而使其在炎症性疾病中发挥关键作用。本综述探讨了营养在针对 COVID-19 感染的免疫反应中的作用，因为特定的饮食可以在感染阶段改变细胞因子风暴。对于孕妇或癌症患者等最脆弱的人群来说，这一点至关重要，我们认为有必要为他们提供个性化的指示。
