Dai Jessica C, Pearle Margaret S
UT Southwestern Medical Center, 2001 Inwood Road, WCB3, 4th Floor, Dallas, TX 75390-9110, USA.
J Clin Med. 2022 Aug 13;11(16):4740. doi: 10.3390/jcm11164740.
Diet plays a central role in the development and prevention of nephrolithiasis. Although pharmacologic treatment may be required for some patients who are resistant to dietary measures alone, dietary modification may be sufficient to modulate stone risk for many patients. While there is no single specialized diet for stone prevention, several dietary principles and recommendations for stone prevention are supported by practice guidelines, including adequate fluid intake, modest calcium intake, low dietary sodium, and limited animal protein. In this review, we summarized the evidence supporting these dietary recommendations and reviewed the current literature regarding specific dietary components and comprehensive diets for stone prevention.
饮食在肾结石的发生和预防中起着核心作用。虽然对于一些仅靠饮食措施难以奏效的患者可能需要药物治疗，但饮食调整对于许多患者来说可能足以调节结石风险。虽然没有单一的专门预防结石的饮食，但实践指南支持一些预防结石的饮食原则和建议，包括充足的液体摄入、适量的钙摄入、低钠饮食和限制动物蛋白摄入。在本综述中，我们总结了支持这些饮食建议的证据，并回顾了有关预防结石的特定饮食成分和综合饮食的当前文献。
