Ruegg Pamela L
College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Microorganisms. 2022 Aug 11;10(8):1626. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10081626.
The use of antimicrobials for the treatment of food-producing animals is increasingly scrutinized and regulated based on concerns about maintaining the efficacy of antimicrobials used to treat important human diseases. Consumers are skeptical about the use of antibiotics in dairy cows, while dairy producers and veterinarians demonstrate ambivalence about maintaining animal welfare with reduced antimicrobial usage. Antimicrobial stewardship refers to proactive actions taken to preserve the efficacy of antimicrobials and emphasizes the prevention of bacterial diseases and use of evidence-based treatment protocols. The ability to broadly implement antimicrobial stewardship in the dairy industry is based on the recognition of appropriate antimicrobial usage as well as an understanding of the benefits of participating in such programs. The most common reason for the use of antimicrobials on dairy farms is the intramammary treatment of cows affected with clinical mastitis or at dry off. Based on national sales data, intramammary treatments comprise < 1% of overall antimicrobial use for food-producing animals, but a large proportion of that usage is a third-generation cephalosporin, which is classified as a highest-priority, critically important antimicrobial. Opportunities exist to improve the use of antimicrobials in dairy practice. While there are barriers to the increased adoption of antimicrobial stewardship principles, the structured nature of dairy practice and existing emphasis on disease prevention provides an opportunity to easily integrate principles of antimicrobial stewardship into daily veterinary practice. The purpose of this paper is to define elements of antimicrobial stewardship in dairy practice and discuss the challenges and potential benefits associated with these concepts.
由于担心用于治疗重要人类疾病的抗菌药物的疗效，用于治疗食用动物的抗菌药物的使用受到越来越多的审查和监管。消费者对奶牛使用抗生素持怀疑态度，而奶牛养殖户和兽医在减少抗菌药物使用以维护动物福利方面表现出矛盾态度。抗菌药物管理是指为保持抗菌药物疗效而采取的积极行动，并强调预防细菌性疾病和使用循证治疗方案。在乳制品行业广泛实施抗菌药物管理的能力基于对适当抗菌药物使用的认识以及对参与此类计划益处的理解。奶牛场使用抗菌药物最常见的原因是对患有临床乳腺炎或干奶期的奶牛进行乳房内治疗。根据全国销售数据，乳房内治疗占食用动物总体抗菌药物使用量的不到1%，但该用量的很大一部分是第三代头孢菌素，它被列为最高优先级、极其重要的抗菌药物。在奶牛养殖实践中存在改善抗菌药物使用的机会。虽然增加采用抗菌药物管理原则存在障碍，但奶牛养殖实践的结构化性质以及现有的疾病预防重点提供了一个机会，可以轻松地将抗菌药物管理原则纳入日常兽医实践。本文的目的是界定奶牛养殖实践中抗菌药物管理的要素，并讨论与这些概念相关的挑战和潜在益处。
